Enhanced dielectric properties, thermal stability and ammonia sensing performance of poly(diphenylamine)/zinc oxide nanocomposites via one step polymerization

Abstract

The structural, morphological, thermal, dielectric and electrical conductivity properties of poly(diphenylamine) (PDPA)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites, synthesized by in‐situ chemical polymerization technique, were systematically evaluated and characterized. The ammonia (NH3) gas sensing characteristics of composites were evaluated as a function of ZnO nanoparticle concentration. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of composites showed the characteristic band of ZnO nanoparticles at 418 cm−1 indicating an effective interaction between the polymer matrix and filler. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirm the increased crystallinity in the PDPA structure when ZnO is incorporated. The uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies emphasize the shift in glass transition temperatures and enhanced thermal stability of composites relative to bare PDPA, which is further confirmed by the Coat‐Redfern method. Conductivity studies show a significant increase in magnitudes of real part of dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent concerning filler content. The addition of 7 wt% ZnO nanoparticles to PDPA increases the room temperature AC conductivity from 1.058 × 10−5 to 7.8 × 10−4 S/cm. Moreover, the room‐temperature NH3 gas sensing property of PDPA/ZnO nanocomposites was accelerated by the addition of ZnO nanoparticles.

Effect of titanium dioxide on the structural, thermal, and electrical properties of chlorinated natural rubber/poly (indole) blend nanocomposites for flexible nanoelectronic devices

“…The blend shows a final char content of about 12.38% and the composites with 3, 7, and 10 wt% filler content show char residues of 17.46%, 20.05%, and 24.31% respectively. The surface coating formed by the uniform dispersion of filler particles in the blend system resists the degradation of the blend surface and thereby reduces further combustion 33 . This increased char residue gives information about the flame resistance aroused in the blend by the effective interpenetration of thermally stable TiO 2 nanofillers.…”

“…The surface coating formed by the uniform dispersion of filler particles in the blend system resists the degradation of the blend surface and thereby reduces further combustion. 33 This increased char residue gives information about the flame resistance aroused in the blend by the effective interpenetration of thermally stable TiO 2 nanofillers.…”

Development of high‐performance biopolymer nanocomposites derived from carboxymethyl chitosan/boehmite via green synthesis

“…Local motion or the alignment of the side polar groups is responsible for β relaxation evinced by the occurrence of a peak. [30] Moreover, the frequency corresponds to the maxima of peak getting slightly shifted to larger values as the temperature rises from 30 to 90 C suggesting a reduction in relaxation time.…”

“…The decrease in conductivity for 10 wt% boehmite loaded CMCS indicates the blockage experienced in the conductive pathways resulting from nanoparticle agglomeration, which is evident from SEM and optical images. [30] F I G U R E 7 Variation of AC conductivity with temperature to 10 6 Hz. The AC conductivity of CMCS and its nanocomposites is observed to increase as the temperature rises from 30 to 90 C. This can be explained on the basis of enhanced polymer chain flexibility and a reduction viscosity, which in turn facilitate the tunneling of conductive species through the free volume of the polymer matrix.…”

Broad-class volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection via polyaniline/zinc oxide (PANI/ZnO) composite materials as gas sensor application

“…Several results have reported polymer-inorganic composite as the best solution to improve mechanical strength, gas sensing performance, optical properties, and electrical conductivity due to increased active sites as a result of doping [ [25] , [26] , [27] ]. Recently, different gas sensing materials such as poly (diphenylamine)/zinc oxide nanocomposites also being evaluated by researchers with promising results [ 28 ].…”