Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal Japanese eyes

Fujiwara, Atsushi; Shiragami, Chieko; Shirakata, Yukari; Manabe, Saki; Izumibata, Saeko; Shiraga, Fumio

doi:10.1007/s10384-012-0128-5

Cited by 125 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several cross-sectional studies in adults have clearly shown that choroidal thickness later decreases with advancing age; the mean decrease is 15-20 mm per decade in later life. 3,4,29 Our findings suggest that SFCT may increase after the age of 15 years and reaches a plateau at the age between 16 and 23 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Zengin

Karahan

Yılmaz

et al. 2014

Eye

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Zengin

Karahan

Yılmaz

et al. 2014

Eye

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“…23 In addition, the adult choroid decreased in thickness with increasing age in our young adult population (aged 20-37 years), which agreed with the trend for data from other older adult studies-that choroidal thickness decreases with age. 9,31 There was no significant difference in choroidal thickness in each group by sex or race and ethnicity, except for in term infants where there was a significant difference in choroidal thickness between Caucasian and Hispanic term infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Choroid Development and Feasibility of Choroidal Imaging in the Preterm and Term Infants Utilizing SD-OCT

Moreno

O’Connell

Chiu

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To determine whether choroidal imaging is feasible in preterm and term infants using an 840-nm portable spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system without the use of enhanced-depth imaging techniques and to assess choroidal development by comparing choroidal thickness of preterm infants, term infants, and adults.METHODS. SD-OCT images were obtained from 86 preterm infants, 59 term infants, and nine adults using a portable SD-OCT system plus nine adults using a tabletop system. An unprocessed image across the macula from one randomly selected eye of each participant was selected for determination of whether the choroidal-scleral junction (CSJ) could be visualized and for measurement of choroidal thickness.RESULTS. Subfoveal CSJ was visualized in 96% of young-preterm infants (imaged from 30-36 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA]); 78% of term-aged preterm infants (imaged from 37-42 weeks PMA); 49% of term infants; and 39% of adult subjects. Racial pigmentation did not affect CSJ visibility in young-preterm infants (P ¼ 0.57). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in young-preterm infants, term-aged preterm infants, term infants, and adults was 176 6 53 lm, 289 6 92 lm, 329 6 66 lm, and 258 6 66 lm, respectively, and these were all statistically significantly different from one another except term-aged preterms to adults.CONCLUSIONS. Infant choroid can be imaged with a portable SD-OCT system without enhanced depth imaging. Melanin in the RPE and choroid does not hinder outer choroidal imaging in young-preterm infants without advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In preterm infants, choroidal thickness increased with age but was thinner when compared to term infants suggesting delayed development due to ROP.

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“…Previous studies have measured choroidal thickness in both normal subjects and those with ocular disease using EDI-OCT and SS-OCT 2,7,9,13,[20][21][22][23][24] . Retinal studies are typically performed with specific software provided by the different OCT manufacturers; however, manual segmentation is required in all cases in which choroidal thickness or volume are measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal Thickness and Volume in Healthy Young White Adults and the Relationships between them and Axial Length, Ammetropy and Sex

Sánchez‐Cano

Orduna

Segura

et al. 2014

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE:To evaluate choroidal thickness in young subjects using Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI SD-OCT) describing volume differences between all the defined areas of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). DESIGN:Prospective, clinical study. METHODS:Seventy-nine eyes of 95 healthy, young (23.8±3.2years), adult volunteers were prospectively enrolled. Manual choroidal segmentation on a 25-raster horizontal scan protocol was performed. The measurements of the nine subfields defined by the ETDRS were evaluated. RESULTS:Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 345.67±81.80µm and mean total choroidal volume was 8.99±1.88mm 3 . Choroidal thickness and volume were higher at the superior and temporal areas compared to inferior and nasal sectors of the same diameter respectively. Strong correlations between subfoveal choroidal thickness and axial length (AL) and myopic refractive error were obtained, r = -0.649, p<0.001 and r = 0.473, p<0.001 respectively. Emmetropic eyes tended to have thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (381.94±79.88µm versus 307.04±64.91µm) and higher total choroidal volume than myopic eyes (9.80± 1.87mm3 versus 8.14±1.48mm3). The estimation of the variation of the subfoveal choroidal thickness with the AL was -43.84µm/mm. In the myopic group, the variation of the subfoveal choroidal thickness with the myopic refractive error was -10.45µm/D. CONCLUSIONS:This study establishes for the first time a normal database for choroidal thickness and volume in young adults. Axial length, and myopic ammetropy are highly associated with choroidal parameters in healthy subjects. EDI SD-OCT exhibited a high degree of intraobserver and interobserver repeatability. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT INTRODUCTIONThe development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has revolutionized the diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic approaches to many retinal diseases. Spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) offers improved axial resolution (3 µm); by providing 19,000 A-scans per second, it shortens examination times, reducing the eye exposure as well as artifacts 1 . The latest development in OCT technology, sweptsource longer-wavelength OCT (SS-OCT), has a longer-band light source than does the conventional instrumentation (1 µm band light source), providing higher penetration through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and allowing for better visualization of the choroid; however, at the present time, SS-OCT use is limited to research.The role of the choroid in a number of diseases, including central serous chorioretinopathy, high myopia, age-related macular degeneration, choroidal melanoma, and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, emphasizes the importance of understanding choroidal structure in ocular disease [2][3][4][5] . Indocyanine green has been the best tool for studying choroidal vasculature; however, it does not provide a quantitative evaluation of the layer; other imaging methods such as echography aid in evaluating the layer, and MRI ...

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Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal Japanese eyes

Cited by 125 publications

References 17 publications

Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Choroid Development and Feasibility of Choroidal Imaging in the Preterm and Term Infants Utilizing SD-OCT

Choroidal Thickness and Volume in Healthy Young White Adults and the Relationships between them and Axial Length, Ammetropy and Sex

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