Enhanced degradation of ofloxacin by activation of peroxymonosulfate with biochar-FeVO4 under visible light assistance: The role of biochar in mediating charge transfer and mechanism insight

Performance of Iron-Doped Titanium Dioxide-Loaded Activated Carbon Composite Synthesized by Simplified Sol–Gel Method for Ciprofloxacin Degradation under Ultraviolet Light

“…The TEM image (Figure 4a) confirmed the successful loading of AC on Fe 3+ -TiO 2 , which has an approximately spherical structure, in agreement with the results of Esteves et al [43]. From the HRTEM image (Figure 4b), a lattice spacing of 0.355 nm matching to TiO 2 was observed, which is consistent with the XRD observations, and furthermore, a unique interface was formed at the interface between AC and Fe 3+ -TiO 2 , not only facilitated the successful synthesis of Fe 3+ -TiO 2 /AC but also established a pathway for swift electron transfer [27].…”

“…Activated carbon (AC) is a material with a high surface area and porosity (usually 900-1200 m 2 /g), and its use as a carrier for different photocatalytic materials can provide more active adsorption sites for photocatalysts [24] and higher carrier mobility [25] as well as a wider light absorption range [26]. For example, Chaoneng Ning [27] loaded FeVO 4 with biochar, which enlarged the FVC light absorption range by around 100 nm, reduced the band gap to 2.00 eV, and accelerated the electron transport rate of FVC; Peng Feng [28] loaded activated carbon with g-C 3 N 4 , which increased the photogenerated carrier separation rate, this decelerated the separation rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, while enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. TiO 2 powder easily agglomerates in water, which can be avoided by compositing TiO 2 with adsorbent materials.…”