Enhanced Cycling Stability of Macroporous Bulk Antimony‐Based Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes Enabled through Active/Inactive Composites

Ruiz, Olivia; Cochrane, Mark A.; Li, Manni; Yan, Yan; Ma, Ke; Fu, Jintao; Wang, Zeyu; Tolbert, Sarah H.; Shenoy, Vivek B.; Detsi, Eric

doi:10.1002/aenm.201801781

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In literature, alloy‐type metals have often been used in the nanoparticle form in order to ensure high utilization in sodiation reactions, but recent publications have shown that also bulk antimony and bismuth could be stable during cycling. [ 260,261 ] In ref. [ 260 ] , the mixture of macroporous antimony and an inactive magnesium fluoride (Figure 25d) sustained over 300 cycles.…”

Section: Alloy‐type Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 260,261 ] In ref. [ 260 ] , the mixture of macroporous antimony and an inactive magnesium fluoride (Figure 25d) sustained over 300 cycles. Bulk bismuth has turned into porous material after several cycles of operation in a glyme‐based electrolyte (Figure 25e), allowing to use it as the anode material without further processing.…”

Section: Alloy‐type Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alloy‐type Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anodes and Sodium‐Free Cathodes in Sodium Ion Batteries

Yang

Rogach

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

106

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type is cheap but with a rather low energy density and cannot survive many cycles; the latter type has higher energy density and longer cycle life, but is more expensive. [3] Both those secondary batteries suffer from the memory effect, and their use is under serious environmental concerns due to the involvement of the toxic lead and cadmium. [3] Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries can deliver higher energy capacity (the amount of stored energy in per unit mass, usually measured in Wh kg -1 ) and are more environmentally friendly, and from these reasons they used to dominate the market for electrical tools and EV. [4] At present, however, the share of Ni-MH batteries is shrinking, as we have another choice with a much higher energy density, namely lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The energy density of Ni-MH batteries is 60-70 Wh kg -1 , and that of LIBs was about 110 Wh kg -1 when they were commercially launched. [5] In the last decade, the price of LIBs decreased by ≈80% (now reaching <$200 kWh -1 ), and their energy density has been significantly improved (>200 Wh kg -1 ). [6] Other advantages of LIBs include long cycle life, low self-discharge, and absence of the memory effect. Thus far, being cost-effective and performance-competitive, LIBs have conquered the market for various important applications such as mobile phones, portable electronics, and EV.Beyond the state-of-the-art LIBs, efforts of battery researchers are going into following directions. The energy density of gasoline is about 13 kWh kg -1 , a value LIBs would never get close to. [7] It is normal to have "range anxiety" in the transition from petrol vehicles to EV. To eliminate such anxiety and make LIBs more competitive, intensive efforts are being placed into the research of high-capacity electrode materials for LIBs (such as silicon and lithium metal anode) and other battery systems (e.g., lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, and zinc-air batteries). [8] Another important direction is the development of safer batteries, such as aqueous and all-solid-state batteries, as safety concerns on LIBs are mainly related to the use of flammable electrolytes. [9,10] At the same time, the demand for LIBs worldwide is still increasing, and the production of the LIBs is growing rapidly, while the important constituting elements of those batteries, especially lithium and cobalt, are limited in supply. [5] Even though the availability of lithium at the present time may not be the major problem, and the recycling of used LIBs is under consideration, the world is faced with the potential risks in supply chains, as the annual global lithium production has already surpassed 0.085 million tons in 2018, while the total lithium reserve is estimated to be ≈14 million The increase in electricity generation poses growing demands on energy storage systems, thus offering a chance for the success of the reliable and cost-effective energy storage technologies. Sodium ion batteries are emerging as such a technology, which is however not yet mature enough to enter the market. At th...

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Section: Alloy‐type Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alloy‐type Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anodes and Sodium‐Free Cathodes in Sodium Ion Batteries

Yang

Rogach

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

106

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“…For the past few years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the cyclic stability by modifying alloying materials through carbon coating, porous architectures, and nanostructural designs. [ 8–11 ] The nanostructure of the bismuth anode was capable of achieving less or even zero strain for SEI formation, as well as providing a fast electron/ion transfer pathway for enhanced rate capabilities. For example, the Bi@graphene nanocomposite and bismuth nanodots confined in the metal–organic framework derived carbon arrays exhibited dramatic improvement, in terms of their specific capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic‐Conducting and Robust Multilayered Solid Electrolyte Interphases for Greatly Improved Rate and Cycling Capabilities of Sodium Ion Full Cells

Yuan

Wei

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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and similar electrochemistry to lithiumion batteries (LIBs) for energy storage applications. Despite these advantages of SIBs, their energy density is still much lower than that of LIBs. [1-5] Accordingly, high-capacity alloy-type materials are being considered as potential anodes to achieve high-energy SIBs. However, the huge volume change and sluggish chargestorage kinetics of the alloying anodes limit their practical and industrial applications. The repeated volume changes can destroy the preformed solid electrolyte interface (SEI), resulting in the continuous decomposition of the electrolyte. Consequently, the subsequent accumulation of thick SEI films will greatly impede the transfer of ions/electrons and deplete the active mass of the battery. [6,7] Among the various alloy-type anode materials under consideration for SIBs, bismuth is attractive because of its high reversible capacity (385 mAh g −1) and low operating voltage (≈0.6 V). Additionally, the large lattice fringe along the c-axis (d (003) = 3.95 Å) allows bismuth to insert/extract large-sized ions in a reversible manner during the charging and discharging cycles. However, bismuth is limited by low cyclic and rate performances arising from the large volume expansion and sluggish electrode kinetics, which are commonly observed in alloy-type anodes. For the past few years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the cyclic stability by modifying alloying materials through carbon coating, porous architectures, and nanostructural designs. [8-11] The nanostructure of the bismuth anode was capable of achieving less or even zero strain for SEI formation, as well as providing a fast electron/ion transfer pathway for enhanced rate capabilities. For example, the Bi@ graphene nanocomposite and bismuth nanodots confined in the metal-organic framework derived carbon arrays exhibited dramatic improvement, in terms of their specific capacity. [12] However, the capacity decreased at high rates and after longterm cyclic tests. Thus, the sodium storage performance of the nanostructured bismuth-based anodes was not yet satisfactory. Another approach was to develop a new electrolyte and to modify the associated interface. Recently, it was reported that The energy storage performance of sodium-ion batteries has been greatly improved by pairing ether-based electrolytes with high-capacity alloy-type anodes. However, the origin of this performance improvement by a unique electrode/electrolyte interface has yet to be explored. To understand such results, herein, the deterministic and distinct interfacial chemistries and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers in both the ether-and ester-based electrolytes are described, as verified by post mortem, in-depth X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses, employing a hierarchical Bi/C composite anode as the model system. In the ether-based electrolyte, fast sodium-ion storage kinetics and structural integrity are achieved due to the highly ionic-conducting and robust multi-layered...

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“…[36][37][38] Secondly, SbNs exhibit outstanding electron conductivity of $1.6 Â 10 4 S m À1 for fast electron transfer. [39][40][41] Thirdly, the diffusion energy barrier for Li atom within SbNs is only $0.48 eV, which benets the transfer of Li + within SbNs material. 42 Lastly a stable chemical bonding can be formed between Sb atom and S atom, which will facilitate the adsorption of LiPSs to Sb material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%