Enhanced Crystallization and Optimized Morphology of Perovskites Through Doping an Indium‐Based Metal–Organic Assembly: Achieving Significant Solar Cell Efficiency Enhancements

Abstract

Perovskite crystallization and morphology are two essential factors to the photoelectric performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A 3D metal–organic assembly [In2(phen)3Cl6]·CH3CN·2H2O (In2) is introduced for the first time into lead iodide precursor to modify the quality of a perovskite thin film through a two‐step sequential deposition method. As a result, both the lead iodide and perovskite exhibit improved crystallization and modified morphology. The optimized film presents less trap states and is thus in favor of the charge transfer as well as charge collection. Consequently, open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor obviously show enhancements from 0.99 to 1.04 V and from 0.66 to 0.71, respectively, yielding a significant increase in a power conversion efficiency from 15.41% to 17.15%. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic property of In2 can increase the moisture resistance of the perovskite, which offers a simple and effective method to improve the stability of PSCs.

Metal-Organic Framework Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The charge transfer was accelerated by band alignment and the optical response of the PSCs also improved. In2 was likewise applied to hybrid P-MOFs [ 189 ]. The authors improved the performance of PSCs by mixing In2 with the PbI 2 precursor solution.…”

Crystalline porous materials in perovskite solar cells: a mutually beneficial marriage

“…In practical applications of PSCs, some MOFs used typically exhibit higher solubility. 43,44 Unlike MOFs, which are typically composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic ligands through coordination bonds, resulting in a more stable structure and thus lower solubility, COFs and HOFs are formed by organic molecules connected via covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds, making their structures more exible and thus typically exhibiting higher solubility. Soluble CPMs are typically introduced through additives or interface layers and can be easily formed into at and thin layers through spin-coating.…”

“…The PCE exhibited a significant increase from 15.41% to 17.15% and improved the moisture resistance of PSCs. 43 Next year, they proposed a simple approach to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs by combining perovskite with microporous In-based MOF [In 12 O(OH) 16 (H 2 O) 5 (btc) 6 ] n (In-BTC) nanocrystals to form a heterojunction light-harvesting layer. The interconnected micropores and rich terminal oxygen sites of In-BTC endow the perovskite to crystallize within regular cavities preferentially, imparting improved morphology/crystallinity and reduced grain boundaries/defects to the derived film (Fig.…”

Metal‐Organic Framework Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Advancements and Perspectives

“…In addition to the Zr-based MOF, Yang et al introduced an In(III)-based MOF, which was synthesized at low temperature, to the Pb-based PSCs. [58] The 3D MOF [In 2 (phen 3a). The addition of In2 inhibits the formation of PbI 2 (DMSO) 2 and promote partial change from Pb 2+ to Pb 0 , thereby reducing the potential harm to device performance caused by Pb 0 (Figure 3b).…”