“…[27][28][29][30][31] The strong light-driven coupling between light and matter reveals the rich physical significance and connotation of EP lasing, which provides a good idea for further constructing electrically driven EP lasers. [32][33][34][35] However, because of the lack of suitable materials and device structures, the investigation progress of electrically driven EP lasers is floundering. The shortcomings such as cavity quality that needs to be improved, uncontrollable output, suppression of conductive functional layers, and complex manufacturing processes still exist.…”