Enhanced Cosmeceutical Potentials of the Oil from Gryllus bimaculatus de Geer by Nanoemulsions

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to extract the oil from Gryllus bimaculatus de Geer, evaluate its potential for cosmeceutical applications, and develop nanoemulsions to promote the cosmeceutical capabilities of the oil. Methods G. bimaculatus oil was produced by the cold pressing method. Its fatty acid compositions were assessed by fatty acid methyl ester/gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of the oil were investigated in terms of radical scavengers, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. The whitening effects were investigated through anti-tyrosinase activities, whilst the anti-aging effects were investigated through inhibition against collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase. The irritant effects were investigated by the hen’s egg chorio-allantoic membrane test and the cytotoxicity assay in immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes and human foreskin fibroblast cells. The nanoemulsions were developed, characterized, and evaluated for their stability and cosmeceutical properties. Results G. bimaculatus oil, rich in linoleic acid (31.08 ± 0.00%), oleic acid (30.44 ± 0.01%), palmitic acid (24.80 ± 0.01%), and stearic acid (7.61 ± 0.00%), demonstrated promising cosmeceutical properties in terms of antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-skin ageing activities. Besides, the oil was safe since it induced no irritation or cytotoxicity. G. bimaculatus oil was successfully developed into nanoemulsions, and F1, composed of 1% w/w G. bimaculatus oil, 1.12% w/w polysorbate 80, 0.88% w/w sorbitan oleate, and 97% w/w DI water, had the smallest internal droplet size (53.8 ± 0.6 nm), the narrowest polydispersity index (0.129 ± 0.010), and a pronounced zeta potential (−28.23 ± 2.32 mV). All cosmeceutical activities of the oil were significantly enhanced after incorporation in the nanoemulsions (p < 0.001), particularly the whitening effects. Conclusion G. bimaculatus oil nanoemulsion was an attractive cosmeceutical formulation with potent whitening effects, along with antioxidant and anti-aging properties. Therefore, nanoemulsion technology was found to be an effective strategy for improving the cosmeceutical properties of G. bimaculatus oil.

Acheta domesticus: A Natural Source of Anti-Skin-Aging Ingredients for Cosmetic Applications

“…Therefore, A. domesticus has great potential to be used as a bioactive cosmeceutical ingredient. Its potential as an appealing source of bioactive cosmeceutical ingredients lies in its capacity to breed in a brief 45-day timeframe, the ease of the breeding process, its suitability for small-scale production, minimal investment needs, and the absence of advanced technology prerequisites [ 87 ]. It could enhance the agricultural economic prospects of cricket farming and create a valuable opportunity to generate bioactive compounds.…”

The Fatty Acid Compositions, Irritation Properties, and Potential Applications of Teleogryllus mitratus Oil in Nanoemulsion Development

“…However, variations in the order of abundance among palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid introduce specific differences, yet these three fatty acids consistently remain the primary constituents. For example, Chaiyana et al (2023) reported that G. bimaculatus oil was rich in linoleic acid (31.08 ± 0.00%), followed by oleic acid (30.44 ± 0.01%) and palmitic acid (24.80 ± 0.01%) [ 14 ], whereas Gan et al (2022) reported that the oil was rich in linoleic acid (41.75 ± 0.23%), followed by palmitic acid (24.31 ± 0.14%) and oleic acid (22.75 ± 0.09%) [ 31 ].…”

“…However, variations in the order of abundance among palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid introduce specific differences, yet these three fatty acids consistently remain the primary constituents. For example, Chaiyana et al ( 2023) reported that G. bimaculatus oil was rich in linoleic acid (31.08 ± 0.00%), followed by oleic acid (30.44 ± 0.01%) and palmitic acid (24.80 ± 0.01%) [14], whereas Gan et al (2022) reported that the oil was rich in linoleic acid (41.75 ± 0.23%), followed by palmitic acid (24.31 ± 0.14%) and oleic acid (22.75 ± 0.09%) [31]. As the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) offers advantages over conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis methods in terms of ease of sample handling, shorter analysis duration, reduced solvent use, improved signal-to-noise ratio, simultaneous recording of all wavelengths, and no need for high energy [32], it was used for chemical profile characterization of each cricket oil.…”

“…Additionally, triglycerides, commonly found in natural oils, including those from crickets, typically act as emollients, softening the skin and indirectly moisturizing it by reducing transepidermal water loss [ 13 ]. Our previous study revealed that the oil extracted from G. bimaculatus exhibited promising cosmeceutical properties for the skin via antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase (anti-pigmentation), and anti-aging activities, without causing irritation or cytotoxicity [ 14 ]. However, it was limited to only one species of the crickets.…”

“…Additionally, our prior study revealed the successful development of nanoemulsions using G. bimaculatus oil to enhance its cosmeceutical potential [ 14 ]. However, a comprehensive exploration into the factors impacting nanoemulsion development was not conducted.…”