Enhanced corrosion resistance of zinc-containing nanowires-modified titanium surface under exposure to oxidizing microenvironment

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys as bio-implants have excellent biocompatibilities and osteogenic properties after modification of chemical composition and topography via various methods. The corrosion resistance of these modified materials is of great importance for changing oral system, while few researches have reported this point. Recently, oxidative corrosion induced by cellular metabolites has been well concerned. In this study, we explored the corrosion behaviors of four common materials (commercially pure Ti, cp-Ti; Sandblasting and acid etching-modified Ti, Ti-SLA; nanowires-modified Ti, Ti-NW; and zinc-containing nanowires-modified Ti, Ti-NW-Zn) with excellent biocompatibilities and osteogenic capacities under the macrophages induced-oxidizing microenvironment. The results showed that the materials immersed into a high oxidizing environment were more vulnerable to corrode. Meanwhile, different surfaces also showed various corrosion susceptibilities under oxidizing condition. Samples embed with zinc element exhibited more excellent corrosion resistance compared with other three surfaces exposure to excessive H 2 O 2 . Besides, we found that zinc-decorated Ti surfaces inhibited the adhesion and proliferation of macrophages on its surface and induced the M2 states of macrophages to better healing and tissue reconstruction. Most importantly, zinc-decorated Ti surfaces markedly increased the expressions of antioxidant enzyme relative genes in macrophages. It improved the oxidation microenvironment around the materials and further protected their properties. In summary, our results demonstrated that Ti-NW-Zn surfaces not only provided excellent corrosion resistance properties, but also inhibited the adhesion of macrophages. These aspects were necessary for maintaining osseointegration capacity and enhancing the corrosion resistance of Ti in numerous medical applications, particularly in dentistry.

Sustained zinc release in cooperation with CaP scaffold promoted bone regeneration via directing stem cell fate and triggering a pro-healing immune stimuli

“…Therefore, the potential of Zn 2+ loaded scaffolds to regulate M s polarization for tissue engineering has been gradually explored (Table 2 ). Zhu et al [ 28 ] and Chen et al [ 29 ] observed that Zn-decorated Ti/TiO 2 surfaces induced the M2 state of M s and had better osseointegration or bone regeneration capacity. Additionally, Zn-loaded silica-nanofibrous polymers attained the lowest M1/M2 ratio of M s and achieved the greatest efficiency for bone and vascular regeneration [ 30 ].…”

“…Specifically, under the modulation of the microenvironment created by the implanted scaffolds, M s undergo polarization to either the anti-inflammatory (M2 subtype) or pro-inflammatory (M1 subtype) phenotype and subsequently release a wide series of bioactive molecules, leading to active regeneration of bone or induction of persistent inflammation, respectively [ 26 , 27 ]. Recently, several studies proposed that Zn-decorated membranes or Ti/TiO 2 implants could intensively induce the polarization of M s toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) [ 28 – 30 ]. Similarly, Zn 2+ deficiency aggravated inflammation, reduced the numbers of M2-polarized M s and increased the numbers of M1-polarized M s [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Nano-Modified Titanium Implant Materials: A Way Toward Improved Antibacterial Properties

“…Many new types of titanium alloys with high-quality performance have been invented through in-depth research on titanium alloy preparation ( Zhang C. et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Attarilar et al, 2019a , b ; Hafeez et al, 2019 ) and optimization of titanium alloy composition ( Liu et al, 2015a ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Rabadia et al, 2019a , b ). These new titanium alloys show outstanding application value in mechanical properties ( Guo et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2015 ; Jawed et al, 2019 ; Hafeez et al, 2020 ), corrosion resistance ( Lee et al, 2015 ; Zhu W.Q. et al, 2019 ; Malhotra et al, 2020 ), and osteogenic action ( Zhu et al, 2016 ; Li H.F. et al, 2019 ; Lei et al, 2020 ).…”

Role of the Hippo‐YAP/NF‐κB signaling pathway crosstalk in regulating biological behaviors of macrophages under titanium ion exposure

“…Their metabolites reduced the local pH value in a short time, destroyed the oxide film on the surface of Ti, and caused corrosion and release of Ti ions (Xu, Yu, Chen, Zhang, & Qiu, 2020;Zhang et al, 2013). Besides microbial corrosion, many corrosion types exist around the Ti implant, such as stress corrosion, osteoclast corrosion, oxidative corrosion, pitting corrosion, fretting corrosion, and so on, which affect and promote each other, eventually leading to the release and aggregation of Ti ions (Cadosch et al, 2010;Golvano, Garcia, Conde, Tato, & Aginagalde, 2015;Zhu et al, 2019). Excessive Ti ions may cause adverse biological reactions.…”