Enhanced corrosion resistance of hypo-eutectic Al–1Mg– x Si alloys against molten sodium attack in high temperature sodium sulfur batteries

Jung, Kyu Yong; Heo, Hoejun; Lee, Ju-Hyeok; Park, Yoon-Cheol; Kang, Chung Gil

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2015.06.014

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Sodium power sources in which Na-β-Al 2 O 3 and NASICON were used as solid electrolytes were considered the most promising electrochemical energy storage solution in the 1980s and 1990s [ 1 ]. Sodium–sulfur batteries were successfully developed for electric vehicles [ 2 ], spacecraft [ 3 ], and other applications [ 4 , 5 ]. However, they were later replaced by power sources with lithium-containing anodes, since, in spite of a considerably higher price of lithium, its use substantially increases the energy efficiency of the power source [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Relations in a NaFeO2-SnO2 (0–50 mol.% SnO2) System and the Crystal Structure and Conductivity of Na0.8Fe0.8Sn0.2O2

et al. 2022

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With the view of developing new materials for sodium and sodium-ion power sources, NaFeO2-SnO2 (0–50 mol.% SnO2) powders were synthesized using a solid state method, and their phase composition and crystal structure were studied. A phase of the Na0.8Fe0.8Sn0.2O2 composition with a layered rhombohedral structure of the α-NaFeO2 type was found when the tin dioxide content was 20 mol.%. The phase produced was of an O3 structural type. O3-type phases have sufficiently good performance when used as cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries and, moreover, often have a rather high sodium-cation conductivity. A two-dimensional migration map was built using Voronoi–Dirichlet partition and TOPOS software package. The sodium-ion conductivity of Na0.8Fe0.8Sn0.2O2 at room temperature was rated low (10−8 S × cm−1 at 20 °C), which may be the result of channels too narrow for Na+ migration. The results obtained show that the application of the compound studied in this work as a solid electrolyte in sodium power sources is unlikely. It is the potential use of Na0.8Fe0.8Sn0.2O2 as the active material of cathodes in Na and Na-ion power sources that presents practical interest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Relations in a NaFeO2-SnO2 (0–50 mol.% SnO2) System and the Crystal Structure and Conductivity of Na0.8Fe0.8Sn0.2O2

et al. 2022

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“…Active brazing alloys (ABA) have been widely used for brazing between metal/ceramic or ceramic/ceramic couples in various industrial applications. Brazed joints with the alloys utilize a simple process and exhibit high bonding strength (49-325 MPa) and good oxidation resistance (10 −10 -10 −12 g 2 cm −4 s −1 at 400-600 • C) at high temperatures of up to 500 • C [1][2][3][4], and thus it is reasonable to consider ABA as a sealing material for the heterogeneous joints in sodium beta-alumina batteries (NBBs) that operate in the temperature range of 280-350 • C and are exposed to liquid sodium (Na) [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The requirements for the use of an active brazing alloy in Na batteries includes high-temperature stability, sufficient bonding strength with Al 2 O 3 , and good corrosion resistance to liquid Na.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical active brazing alloys, such as Ag-Cu-Ti and Cu-Al-Si-Ti, exhibit high-melting temperatures of 780-910 • C and 1001-1024 • C, respectively, and provide good bonding strength [2,11]. However, the two alloys containing Ag and Si that are soluble in liquid Na at 350 • C such that they do not guarantee reliability in the Na batteries [6,7]. In order to develop advanced high-temperature ABAs, our previous study introduced Cu-based brazing alloys, namely Cu-7Al-xTi and Cu-7Al-xZr (x = 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bonding Temperature on Crack Occurrences in Al2O3/SS 430 Joints Using Cu-Based Brazing Alloys

Heo

Kim

Park

et al. 2018

Metals

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The effect of bonding temperature on crack occurrences in α-Al2O3/SS 430 joints using Cu-based brazing alloys was investigated with emphasis on the microstructural characterization, hardness, and analytical residual stresses of the joints. The brazing was conducted using Cu-7Al-xTi and Cu-7Al-xZr (x = 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5) alloys at 1000 °C and 1080 °C leading to solid–liquid and liquid-state bonding, respectively. Cracks occurred in the joints brazed at 1080 °C irrespective of the alloys, while crack-free joints were obtained at 1000 °C for joints with only Cu-7Al-xZr alloys. Increases in the bonding temperature or utilization of Cu-7Al-xTi alloys led to a formation of brittle Fe-containing intermetallic or Fe-Cr phases in the brazed seams due to the dissolution of Fe from SS 430, which deteriorated the mechanical properties of the brazed seam. Maximum residual stresses of the real brazed joint were obtained by combining the calculated yield strength and measured hardness of the brazed seams. Eventually, when the hardness of the brazed seam was less than 107 Hv, the yield strength was 124 MPa or less and the maximum residual stress generated in the joint corresponded to 624 MPa or less, leading to a crack-free joint.

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“…Heterogeneous metal-ceramic joints have been found in a number of applications such as electronic devices, automobiles, and high-temperature batteries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. One of popular methods for metal to ceramic boning is brazing, in which an active brazing alloy (ABA) is placed between the ceramic and metal components, followed by heating for a certain period of time to induce a chemical bonding at the interface [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Interfacial Reaction Layers in Al2O3/SS 430 Brazed Joints Using Cu-7Al-3.5Zr Alloys

Heo

Joung

Jung

et al. 2018

Metals

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The formation of interfacial reaction layers was investigated in an α-Al2O3/430 stainless steel (SS430) joint brazed using a Cu-7Al-3.5Zr active brazing alloy. Brazing was conducted at above its eutectic temperature of 945 °C and below liquidus 1045 °C, where liquid and solid phases of the brazing alloys coexists. At 1000 °C, the liquid phase of the brazing alloy was wet onto the α-Al2O3 surface. Zr in the liquid phase reduced α-Al2O3 to form a continuous ZrO2 layer. As the dwell time increased, Zr in the liquid phases near α-Al2O3 interface was used up to thicken the reaction layers. The growth kinetics of the layer obeys the parabolic rate law with a rate constant of 9.25 × 10−6 cm·s−1/2. It was observed that a number of low yield strength Cu-rich particles were dispersed over the reaction layer, which can release the residual stress of the joint resulting in reduction of crack occurrence.

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Enhanced corrosion resistance of hypo-eutectic Al–1Mg– x Si alloys against molten sodium attack in high temperature sodium sulfur batteries

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Phase Relations in a NaFeO2-SnO2 (0–50 mol.% SnO2) System and the Crystal Structure and Conductivity of Na0.8Fe0.8Sn0.2O2

Phase Relations in a NaFeO2-SnO2 (0–50 mol.% SnO2) System and the Crystal Structure and Conductivity of Na0.8Fe0.8Sn0.2O2

Effect of Bonding Temperature on Crack Occurrences in Al2O3/SS 430 Joints Using Cu-Based Brazing Alloys

Formation of Interfacial Reaction Layers in Al2O3/SS 430 Brazed Joints Using Cu-7Al-3.5Zr Alloys

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