Enhanced Control of Bladder-Associated Tumors Using Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor (SALF) Antimicrobial Peptide as a Cancer Vaccine Adjuvant in Mice

Abstract

Shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (SALF) is an antimicrobial peptide with reported anticancer activities, such as suppression of tumor progression. In this study, we prepared a potential cancer vaccine comprised of SALF in conjunction with the cell lysate of inactivated murine bladder carcinoma cells (MBT-2), and evaluated its efficacy in a mouse tumor model. Our study shows that SALF added to cell culture media inhibits growth progression of MBT-2, and that SALF together with inactivated MBT-2 lysate elevates the level of inflammasome activity, and modulates the levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α in mouse macrophages. Immunization of 7, 14, and 21 day-old mice with the vaccine prevented growth of MBT-2 cell-mediated tumors. The vaccine was found to enhance expression of T-cell, cytotoxic T cells, and NK cells in the immunized mice groups. Recruitment of macrophages, T-helper cells, and NK cells was enhanced, but levels of VEGF were decreased in immunized mice. This report provides empirical evidence that our SALF as vaccine adjuvant enhances antitumor immunity in mice.

Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Tilapia Piscidin 3 (TP3) and TP4 and Their Effects on Immune Functions in Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)

“…vulnificus using a broth microdilution method in accordance with NCCLS guidelines [15]. To measure the killing efficiencies of TP3 and TP4 against V .…”

“…For the temperature-dependent functional study, the TP3 or TP4 was added to a solution in a water bath (Basic life, model BL3002, Taiwan) and incubated for 60 minutes at different temperatures (40, 60, 80, or 100°C). To evaluate the effects of TP3 and TP4 on pepsin and trypsin function, each peptide was incubated for 10 or 30 minutes with different concentrations of pepsin or trypsin (0.1, 1, or 10 μg/ml), and we determined the MIC values after incubating these solutions with cells at 28°C for 720 minutes, according to a previously described MIC experimental protocol [15]. …”

Isolation and Purification of Active Antimicrobial Peptides from Hermetia illucens L., and Its Effects on CNE2 Cells

“…It was also reported that AMPs perform its anticancer effects by regulating the organisms’ immune system. Studies have indicated that the organisms’ immune defenses were enhanced by inducing dendritic cell aggregation and increasing the expression of lymphocytes after AMPs treatment, and the development of cancer was also inhibited (Huang et al, 2015).…”

Future Directions in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy: Towards Adaptive Immunity

“…Separately, BCG is a live pathogen and causes severe infections, including life threatening sepsis, in approximately 5% of patients [32]. At least seven TLR-2 agonist HP-NAP IVes, IT Preclinical NMIBC [37] TLR-7 agonist TMX-101 IVes Phase II NMIBC, CIS [38] Cancer vaccines DC-targeted tumor antigens SC Phase II MIBC [45,46] Natural adjuvants + HER2/NEU plasmid SC Preclinical NMIBC [39][40][41][42] Peptide vaccine SC Phase II NMIBC [44] shRNA for FOXO3 + HER2/NEU plasmid SC Preclinical NMBIC, MIBC [32] and 30-40% of patients discontinue intravesical BCG immunotherapy due to local and systemic toxicities [33]. Lastly, despite four decades of experience, it is still not clear which of the 6+ strains of BCG is most effective at treating NMIBC.…”

“…Tumors developed in mice treated with MBT-2 lysate alone (5/7) and SALF alone (7/7), but not in those treated with the mixture (0/7). Tumor-specific memory was shown via CTL assays using splenocytes from treated mice [39]. A similar study investigated a different antimicrobial peptide, GE33.…”