Enhanced charge collection with ultrathin AlO<sub>x</sub>electron blocking layer for hole-transporting material-free perovskite solar cell

Wei, Huiyun; Shi, Jiangjian; Xu, Xin; Xiao, Junyan; Luo, Jirun; Dong, Juan; Lv, Songtao; Zhu, Lifeng; Wu, Haiming; Li, Dongmei; Luo, Yanhong; Meng, Qingbo; Chen, Qiang

doi:10.1039/c4cp04902k

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The small voids on the surface result in short circuits between the electrodes, decreased shunt resistance, and reduced device PCE. The considerable drop in Jsc of the co-sprayed device (run 10 m ) is perhaps due to the low thickness of the active layer and consequently the short diffusion length and poor photon harvesting efficiency [1, 19, 21, 22, 44, 45]. The optimization of the substrate vibration-assisted co-spray process is currently under further investigation, due to its simplicity and compatibility with large-scale fabrication of solution-processed solar cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Study on the Fabrication of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Two-Step Sequential Substrate Vibration-Assisted Spray Coating (2S-SVASC)

Zabihi¹,

Ahmadian‐Yazdi²,

Eslamian³

2016

Nanoscale Res Lett

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In this paper, a scalable and fast process is developed and employed for the fabrication of the perovskite light harvesting layer in inverted planar heterojunction solar cell (FTO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx/PCBM/Al). Perovskite precursor solutions are sprayed onto an ultrasonically vibrating substrate in two sequential steps via a process herein termed as the two-step sequential substrate vibration-assisted spray coating (2S-SVASC). The gentle imposed ultrasonic vibration on the substrate promotes droplet spreading and coalescence, surface wetting, evaporation, mixing of reagents, and uniform growth of perovskite nanocrystals. The role of the substrate temperature, substrate vibration intensity, and the time interval between the two sequential sprays are studied on the roughness, coverage, and crystalline structure of perovskite thin films. We demonstrate that a combination of a long time interval between spraying of precursor solutions (15 min), a high substrate temperature (120 °C), and a mild substrate vibration power (5 W) results in a favorable morphology and surface quality. The characteristics and performance of prepared perovskite thin films made via the 2S-SVASC technique are compared with those of the co-sprayed perovskite thin films. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 5.08 % on a 0.3-cm2 active area is obtained for the device made via the scalable 2S-SVASC technique.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Study on the Fabrication of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Two-Step Sequential Substrate Vibration-Assisted Spray Coating (2S-SVASC)

Zabihi¹,

Ahmadian‐Yazdi²,

Eslamian³

2016

Nanoscale Res Lett

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“…In views of decreasing materials cost and simplifying the cell structure, hole transporting material (HTM)-free PSCs are also developed [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. With Au electrode, the PCE of the cell has already exceeded 10% by improving the perovskite film deposition and back contact, showing the promising prospect of HTM-free PSCs [18][19][20][21]. However, the noble mental Au counter electrode (CE) is still widely used in these high performance photovoltaic devices, which is derived from thermal evaporation under high vacuum condition, limiting its future application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-standing flexible carbon electrode for highly efficient hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells

Wei

Xiao

Yang

et al. 2015

Carbon

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202

126

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“…[ 49 ] When they inserted an ultrathin Al 2 O 3 fi lm between CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and Au to block electrons, they achieved an 11.1% PCE. [ 50 ] Two HTL-free cells with structures of ITO/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /PC 61 BM/Bis-C 60 /Ag [ 51 ] and ITO/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /C 60 /BCP/Ag [ 52 ] (BCP = 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) were reported, giving PCEs of 11.0% and 16.0%, respectively. Bis-C 60 and BCP were used to block holes and facilitate electron transport.…”

Section: Htl-free Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2016

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widely commercialized, but possiblities to increase their performance are limited, because nowadays the so-called balance of systems (BoS) cost of PV modules makes up most of the cost. [ 1 ] As much of the BoS scales with area, performance improvement seems the only way to decrease the cost of PV power further. Therefore, new PV cells are sought either to allow for higher effi ciencies than what is possible with Si PV without cost increase, or, as explained in section 3.4, to provide lowcost added effi ciency to Si PV. Emerging solar cells such as dye-sensitized, bulkheterojunction and quantum-dot solar cells can be fabricated via low-temperature solution processing, that holds promise for low-cost large scale application, but best power conversion effi ciencies (PCE) are half of, or less than that of the best commercial Si PV cells. [ 2 ] This is where perovskite solar cells enter, as for the fi rst time in PV history it is possible to produce high-effi ciency cells at low monetary and energy costs, with apparent ease of fabrication from earth-abundant, readily available raw materials. The PCE for perovskite solar cells has increased from 2.2% to 20.1% since 2006, showing an inviting vista of commercialization. [ 3,4 ] Perovskite solar cells are named after the crystal structure of the light absorbers, the structure of the mineral CaTiO 3 . Many compounds with ABX 3 stoichiometry take this structure, where A and B are 12-and 8-coordinates cations, respectively, and X is the anion. [ 4 ] Of the many ABX 3 only few are suitable to be efficient light absorbers for solar cells due to requirements such as appropriate bandgap for good light-harvesting ability, energy level/band alignment with contacting materials, long charge carrier lifetime, τ, and high mobility, µ. Perovskites generally have divalent anions, and the strong electrostatic bonding mostly makes their (high) bandgaps not suitable for solar PV. Mitzi et al. initiated using perovskites containing halides, ammonium cations and Sn 2+ in optoelectronic devices, which formed the basis for the development of perovskites for solar cells. [ 5 ] Here we will focus on such halide perovskites, together with one divalent (Pb 2+ ) and one monovalent (mostly CH 3 NH 3 + ) cation. The most effi cient halide perovskite solar absorbers consist of organic ammonium ions (CH 3 NH 3 + or NH = CHNH 3 + ), Pb 2+ and halide ions (I − , Br − ).[ 4 ] CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 possesses broad and intense light absorption. It is an ambipolar semiconductor (can be n-or p-type), and its charge carriers can have long diffusion lengths and lifetimes, which allow excellent PCE for solar cells made with it. [3][4][5][6] Another advantage of perovskite absorbers is the low-temperature solution-processing ability, which helps

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Enhanced charge collection with ultrathin AlO_xelectron blocking layer for hole-transporting material-free perovskite solar cell

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

Fundamental Study on the Fabrication of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Two-Step Sequential Substrate Vibration-Assisted Spray Coating (2S-SVASC)

Fundamental Study on the Fabrication of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Two-Step Sequential Substrate Vibration-Assisted Spray Coating (2S-SVASC)

Free-standing flexible carbon electrode for highly efficient hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

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Enhanced charge collection with ultrathin AlOxelectron blocking layer for hole-transporting material-free perovskite solar cell

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

Fundamental Study on the Fabrication of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Two-Step Sequential Substrate Vibration-Assisted Spray Coating (2S-SVASC)

Fundamental Study on the Fabrication of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Two-Step Sequential Substrate Vibration-Assisted Spray Coating (2S-SVASC)

Free-standing flexible carbon electrode for highly efficient hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells

Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells

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Enhanced charge collection with ultrathin AlO_xelectron blocking layer for hole-transporting material-free perovskite solar cell