Mutagenesis is integral for bacterial evolution and the development of antibiotic resistance. Environmental toxins and stressors are known to elevate the rate of mutagenesis through direct DNA toxicity known as stress-associated mutagenesis, or via a more general stress-induced process that relies on intrinsic bacterial pathways. Here, we characterize the spectra of mutations induced by an array of different stressors using high-throughput sequencing to profile thousands of spectinomycin resistant colonies of
Bacillus subtilis
. We found 69 unique mutations in the
rpsE
and
rpsB
genes, and that each stressor leads to a unique and specific spectrum of antibiotic resistance mutations. While some mutations clearly reflected the DNA-damage mechanism of the stress, others were likely the result of a more general stress-induced mechanism. To determine the relative fitness of these mutants under a range of antibiotic selective pressure, we used multi-strain competitive fitness experiments and found an additional landscape of fitness and resistance. The data presented here support the idea that the environment in which the selection is applied (mutagenic stressors that are present), and changes in local drug concentration, can significantly alter the path to spectinomycin resistance in
B. subtilis
.