Enhanced catalysis of radical-to-polysulfide interconversion via increased sulfur vacancies in lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract

The practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is seriously hindered by severe lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling and sluggish electrochemical conversions. Herein, the Co9S8/MoS2 heterojunction as a model cathode host material...

An ultralight lithiophilic framework with Faraday-shielded cages for stable lithium metal anodes

“…Li-ion batteries have been commercially applied on a large scale, however, the specic energy of the Li-ion battery (250 W h kg −1 ) is failing to keep up with the continuously growing demands (500 W h kg −1 ) of the electric vehicle and electric device markets. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Naturally, world-wide attention was given to Li metal again for application in next-generation anodes, on account of the maximum theoretical specic capacity (3860 mA h g −1 ) and lowest potential (Li: −3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). [1][2][3]7 Meanwhile, during the repeated plating/stripping processes, the uncontrollable generation of Li dendrites and dead Li hinders the practical application of Li metal anodes (LMAs), even though the technology was rst invented around 100 years ago.…”

Adaptively Reforming Natural Enzyme to Activate Catalytic Microenvironment for Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…Figure a–c and Figure S24 give the Raman spectra and the corresponding contour profiles collected on the three cathodes during the discharge process. Five characteristic peaks for S 8 (152, 246, 437, and 472 cm –1 ) and S 8 2– (219 cm –1 ) , are detected in all cathodes at 2.8 V. When the cathode is discharged to 2.3 V, the above five peaks largely fade and one new peak at 120 cm –1 due to S 5 2– species , appears on the CNTs-S/DHcs cathode. This manifests that S 8 is transformed to long-chain LiPSs.…”

Redox Promotion by Prelithiation Modification of the Separator in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…The nucleation transformation ratio (NTR) proposed by Xu et al (further details refer to Figures S1 and S2) is an essential indicator to study the limits of Li 2 S 4 reduction (Figure c) . Due to the presence of Li x MF ( x = 0.8, 1.0, 2.0), the increased rate of reduction matches the low V – i speed of 0.2 mV s –1 .…”

“…S1 and S2) is an essential indicator to study the limits of Li 2 S 4 reduction (Figure 2c). 30 Due to the presence of Li x MF (x = 0.8, 1.0, 2.0), the increased rate of reduction matches the low V−i speed of 0.2 mV s −1 . All NTR values are close to 3.0 (ideal electrode), indicating that the electrode has no polarization.…”