Enhanced cartilage regeneration by icariin and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles combined in alginate-hyaluronic acid hydrogel

Efficient healing of diabetic wounds by MSC-EV-7A composite hydrogel via suppression of inflammation and enhancement of angiogenesis

“…Alginate hydrogels were prepared following previous studies, 15,32 but with some minor modifications. First, the sodium alginate polymer (CAS: 9005-38-3, Meilunbio, Dalina, China) was weighed out and dissolved in PBS to prepare 3% (w/v) solution.…”

“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived natural nanoparticles and vital mediators of cell-cell communications and have been reported as promising platforms for various biomedical applications, such as cancer treatment, [9][10][11][12] degenerative neurological disorder therapies 13 and tissue engineering. 14,15 Increasing evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs are very promising for facilitating skin wound healing. [16][17][18][19] Human umbilical cord MSC (HucMSC)-derived EVs were reported to deliver Wnt4 to enhance β-catenin-dependent skin cell migration and proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis, leading to accelerated reepithelialization and cutaneous wound healing, and the suppression of EV-Wnt4 expression inhibited the in vivo therapeutic efficacy.…”

“…Previous studies have confirmed the therapeutic effects of biomaterials for the repair of tissues, such as skin wound healing and cartilage and bone regeneration. 15,[24][25][26][27] We chose the sodium alginate hydrogel for preparing a wound dressing material based on its intrinsic properties, such as its hydrophilic nature and capacity to retain and immobilize cells, EVs, enzymes and peptides, which facilitate the fabrication of supporting matrices to deliver therapeutics, and attract platelets and erythrocytes to adhere and stimulate rapid wound healing responses. 28 In this study, we propose that MSC-EVs can be combined with 7A peptide in an alginate hydrogel to greatly promote diabetic wound healing via the regulation of skin cell behaviour, modulation of inflammation and enhancement of angiogenesis.…”