“…As the electronics industry improves by leaps and bounds, the frequency of using electronic devices has increased dramatically, and miniaturization, multifunction, more compact, and high density of electronic devices have attracted widespread attention 1–3 . However, the rapid rise in temperature within electronic devices poses a significant challenge, as excessive heat can substantially reduce the lifespan of electronics and, in severe cases, lead to premature failure 4,5 . Therefore, effective heat dissipation is crucial for maintaining the stable and optimal performance of electronic devices 6,7 .…”