Enhanced Capacitive Performance of N-Doped Activated Carbon from Petroleum Coke by Combining Ammoxidation with KOH Activation

Huang, Jufeng; Du, Dongfeng; Wang, Xing; Zhang, Yan

doi:10.1186/s11671-016-1460-3

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As noted by the International Organization for Standardization in 2010, “the specific surface area obtained by applying the BET method to adsorption isotherms from microporous solids does not reflect the true internal surface area.” Given the reported estimates − of basal plane areal capacitance of 2–4 μF cm –2 , 4–8 μF cm –2 , and 10 μF cm –2 , we are led inexorably to the conclusion that the maximum specific capacitance of activated carbon is in the range of 50–150 F g –1 . This means that claimed values greater than 150 F g –1 should be regarded with a high degree of skepticism. − Finally, we also note that cylindrical pores having diameters less than ∼0.7 nm cannot physically accommodate enough counterions to fully charge the pore walls, so counter ion starvation may also be occurring in addition to Donnan Exclusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ternary Mixtures of Sulfolanes and Ionic Liquids for Use in High-Temperature Supercapacitors

Fletcher

Kirkpatrick²,

Thring³

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Ionic liquids are a natural choice for supercapacitor electrolytes. However, their cost is currently high. In the present work, we report the use of ternary mixtures of sulfolane, 3-methyl sulfolane, and quaternary ammonium salts (quats) as low-cost alternatives. Sulfolane was chosen because it has a high Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ H = 27.2 MPa 1/2 ) and an exceptionally high dipole moment (μ = 4.7 D), which means that it mixes readily with ionic liquids. It also has a high flash point (165 °C), a high boiling point (285 °C), and a wide two-electrode (full-cell) voltage stability window (>7 V). The only problem is its high freezing point (27 °C). However, by using a eutectic mixture of sulfolane with 3-methyl sulfolane, we could depress the freezing point to −17 °C. A second goal of the present work was to increase the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte beyond its present-day value of 2.1 mS cm −1 at 25 °C, currently provided by butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BTM-TFSI). We explored two methods of doing this: (1) mixing the ionic liquid with the sulfolane eutectic and (2) replacing the low-mobility TFSI anion with the high-mobility MTC anion (methanetricarbonitrile). At the optimum composition, the conductivity reached 12.2 mS cm −1 at 25 °C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ternary Mixtures of Sulfolanes and Ionic Liquids for Use in High-Temperature Supercapacitors

Fletcher

Kirkpatrick²,

Thring³

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Compared with green petroleum coke, the FT-IR spectrum of N-GLPs exhibited a typical transformation process of bands with increasing N-doping temperature. For the FT-IR spectrum of N-GLPs 750 2 ( Figure 3 d), five main regions were identified: (1) the bands at 3864 and 3743 cm −1 can be assigned to -OH stretching vibration [ 22 ]; (2) the band at 3447 cm −1 can be attributed to N-H symmetric stretching vibration [ 23 ]; (3) the band at 1636 cm −1 can be identified as N-H in-plane deformation vibration [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]; (4) the band at 1520 cm −1 can be ascribed to C=N stretching vibration, while the band at 1052 cm −1 can be assigned to C-N stretching vibration [ 25 , 26 ]; and (5) the bands at 753 and 630 cm −1 can be attributed to -NH 2 vibration bands [ 27 ]. All of these characteristics indicated the existence of N-containing functional groups and the successful doping of nitrogen in N-GLP samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Removal of Bisphenol A Using Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Like Plates from Green Petroleum Coke

et al. 2020

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Green petroleum coke, a form of industrial waste produced in the oil-refining process, was used to synthesize nitrogen-doped graphene-like plates (N-GLPs) together with melamine. In this study, characterization and batch experiments were performed to elucidate the interaction mechanism of N-GLPs and bisphenol A (BPA). Structural analysis of N-GLPs, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), showed an obvious graphene-like structure and successful nitrogen doping. In addition, compared with 8.0 m2/g for green petroleum coke, the BET surface area of N-GLPs markedly increased to 96.6 m2/g. The influences of various factors, including contact time, temperature, and initial pH on BPA removal efficiency were investigated. It was found that 92.0% of BPA was successfully removed by N-GLPs at 50 °C. Based on the adsorption experiments, it was shown that electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction enhanced the adsorption capacity of N-GLPs for BPA. According to the thermodynamic data, the adsorption process was spontaneous, physical, and endothermic in nature. Therefore, N-GLPs are efficient adsorbent material to remove BPA from wastewater.

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“…24−26 Herein, phenol alcohol extraction was used for the separation of NSS from PC. Subsequently, TGA−FTIR and pyrolysis-GC/MS detection techniques were used to investigate the pyrolysis behavior of PC and A-PC (PC after separation of NSS is labeled as A-PC) at different heating rates (10,20,30, and 40 °C/min) and the content of rapid pyrolysis products of PC and A-PC, respectively. Meanwhile, the activation energies of PC and A-PC during pyrolysis were calculated in combination with the FWO integral method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Pyrolysis Behaviors of Pine Cone and Pretreated Pine Cone by Using TGA–FTIR and Pyrolysis-GC/MS

et al. 2021

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Pine cone (PC) is a potential biomass energy source and is rich in nonstructural substances (NSS). To understand the impact of these NSS on the pyrolysis behavior and its products, in this study, phenol alcohol extraction was used for the separation of NSS from PC (the PC after separation of NSS was labeled as A-PC), and then thermogravimetric analysis −Fourier transform infrared and PY-gas chromatography/MS detection techniques were used to conduct a systematic comparison of the thermal degradation behaviors and kinetics parameters of PC and A-PC. Results showed that the N content of PC was higher than that of other biomass, and the activation energies of PC and A-PC generally decreased at first and then increased as the conversion rate increased. Furthermore, the activation energy of PC decreased with conversion rates in the range of 0.25–0.30, while A-PC lagged significantly behind PC. On the other hand, the maximum absorption peak of CH4 for PC was higher than that of A-PC, and the maximum absorption peak of CO2 was quite the opposite. After extracting NSS from the PC, its activation energy was significantly increased.

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Enhanced Capacitive Performance of N-Doped Activated Carbon from Petroleum Coke by Combining Ammoxidation with KOH Activation

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Ternary Mixtures of Sulfolanes and Ionic Liquids for Use in High-Temperature Supercapacitors

Ternary Mixtures of Sulfolanes and Ionic Liquids for Use in High-Temperature Supercapacitors

Efficient Removal of Bisphenol A Using Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Like Plates from Green Petroleum Coke

Comparative Study on the Pyrolysis Behaviors of Pine Cone and Pretreated Pine Cone by Using TGA–FTIR and Pyrolysis-GC/MS

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