Enhanced capacitive deionization of an integrated membrane electrode by thin layer spray-coating of ion exchange polymers on activated carbon electrode

Wu, Qinghao; Liang, Dawei; Avraham, Eran; Cohen, Izaak; Aurbach, Doron; Lu, Shanfu; Wang, Haining; Xiang, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114460

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similarly, the HT–AC electrodes with increasing PVDF content (9, 17, and 25%) were termed HT–AC-1, HT–AC-2, and HT–AC-3, respectively. The polymer-coated electrodes and free-standing CEMs and AEMs were prepared using the procedure reported in the literature …”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They hypothesized that casting inevitably leads to polymer permeation into the carbon electrode . In our previous work, we presented a spray-coating approach for preparing polymer-coated electrodes and successfully formed a thin and uniform coating of the ion-exchange polymer on the surface of an activated carbon (AC) electrode . Spray coating considerably reduced the mass loading of the ion-exchange polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spray coating considerably reduced the mass loading of the ion-exchange polymer. By optimizing the properties of the ion-exchange polymer, the composition of the ion-exchange layer, and interface construction, MCDI with a high CE and SAC was realized for desalination. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Inorganic Integrated Membrane Electrodes for Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Liang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In capacitive deionization (CDI), coion repulsion and Faradaic reactions during charging reduce the charge efficiency (CE), thus limiting the salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and energy efficiency. To overcome these issues, membrane CDI (MCDI) based on the enhanced permselectivity of the anode and cathode is proposed using the ion-exchange polymer as the independent membrane or coating. To develop a novel and cost-effective MCDI system, we fabricated an integrated membrane electrode using a thin layer of the inorganic ion-exchange material coated on the activated carbon (AC) electrode, which effectively improves the ion selectivity. Montmorillonite (MT, Al2O9Si3) and hydrotalcite (HT, Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2O) were selected as the main active anion- and cation-exchange materials, respectively, for the cathode and anode. The HT–MT MCDI system employing HT–AC and MT–AC electrodes obtained a CE of 90.5% and an SAC of 15.8 mg g–1 after 100 consecutive cycles (50 h); these values were considerably higher than those of the traditional CDI system employing pristine AC electrodes (initially, a CE of 55% and an SAC of 10.2 mg g–1, which attenuated continuously to zero, and even “inverted work” occurs after 50 h, i.e., desorption during charging and adsorption during discharging). The HT–MT MCDI system showed moderate tolerance to organic matters during desalination and retained 84% SAC and 89% CE after 70 cycles in 50–200 mg L–1 sodium alginate. This study demonstrates a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating high-CE electrodes for desalination with great application potential.

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Inorganic Integrated Membrane Electrodes for Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Liang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Li result showing the charge efficiency increased by 26% by AC/CNT composite than that of AC. The electrosorption performance of ion exchange polymer/activated carbon (IEP/AC) composite was studied by Haq et al (2020) and Wu et al (2020). The former used polypyrrole to make the composite (Ppy/AC) as polypyrrole is common electro-conducting polymer.…”

Section: Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

Datar

Mane

Jha

2022

Water Environment Research

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Capacitive deionization is an emerging and rapidly developing electrochemical technique for water desalination across the globe with exponential growth in publications. There are various architectures and materials being explored to obtain utmost electrosorption performance. The symmetric architectures consist of the same material on both electrodes, while asymmetric architectures have electrodes loaded with different materials. Asymmetric architectures possess higher electrosorption performance as compared with that of symmetric architectures owing to the inclusion of either faradaic materials, redox‐active electrolytes, or ion specific pre‐intercalation material. With the materials perspective, faradaic materials have higher electrosorption performance than carbon‐based materials owing to the occurrence of faradaic reactions for electrosorption. Moreover, the architecture and material may be tailored in order to obtain desired selectivity of the target component and heavy metal present in feed water. In this review, we describe recent developments in architectures and materials for capacitive deionization and summarize the characteristics and salt removal performances. Further, we discuss recently reported architectures and materials for the removal of heavy metals and radioactive materials. The factors that affect the electrosorption performance including the synthesis procedure for electrode materials, incorporation of additives, operational modes, and organic foulants are further illustrated. This review concludes with several perspectives to provide directions for further development in the subject of capacitive deionization. Practitioner Points Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a rapidly developing electrochemical water desalination technique with exponential growth in publications. Faradaic materials have higher salt removal capacity (SAC) because of reversible redox reactions or ion‐intercalation processes. Combination of CDI with other techniques exhibits improved selectivity and removal of heavy metals. Operational parameters and materials properties affect SAC. In future, comprehensive experimentation is needed to have better understanding of the performance of CDI architectures and materials.

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“…also performed the same technique for carbon modification. Their study involved spray‐coating Nafion (sulfonic coating) or Fumion (quaternary ammonium coating) on activated carbon denoted as AC−C and AC−A respectively [104] . When used in an asymmetric cell (AC−A as anode and AC−C as cathode) for CDI long term operation, its salt adsorption capacity maintained around 16 mg g −1 while a symmetric AC cell obtained around 13 mg g −1 .…”

Section: Development Of Carbon‐based CDI Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐Based Capacitive Deionization Electrodes: Development Techniques and its Influence on Electrode Properties

Angeles

Lee

2021

The Chemical Record

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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a potential technology to provide cost efficient desalinated and/or softened water. Several efforts have been invested in the fabrication of CDI electrodes that not only has outstanding performance but also high chance of large scalability. In this personal account, the different techniques in developing carbon‐based materials are presented together with its actual effect on the surface and electrochemical properties of carbon. The categories presented are based on the studies done by the Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory, the Ertl Center, different research groups in South Korea, and selected papers from the past three years. Our perspective about research gaps and prospects are also included with the aim to increase interest for CDI research.

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Enhanced capacitive deionization of an integrated membrane electrode by thin layer spray-coating of ion exchange polymers on activated carbon electrode

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Novel Inorganic Integrated Membrane Electrodes for Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Novel Inorganic Integrated Membrane Electrodes for Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review

Carbon‐Based Capacitive Deionization Electrodes: Development Techniques and its Influence on Electrode Properties

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