“…The RVG peptide can also modulate the accumulation of larger vehicles and has delivered macro-structures such as PAMAM dendrimers (Liu et al, 2009), liposomes (Pulford et al, 2010), chitosan nanoparticles (Gao et al, 2014), poly(mannitol- co -PEI) complexes (Park et al, 2015) and exosomes (Alvarez-Erviti et al, 2011) across the BBB and into the brain parenchyma. Other targeting agents have included: angiopep, a peptide that binds to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (Ke et al, 2009); lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein of the transferrin family (Huang et al, 2008, 2010); leptin, a peptide that binds to leptin receptor in different parts of the brain (Liu et al, 2010); chlorotoxin, a scorpion-derived venom that is a specific marker for gliomas (Costa et al, 2013); TGN peptide, a BBB targeting peptide isolated by phage display (Qian et al, 2013); and LIMK2 NoLs peptide, a nucleolar translocation signal sequence derived from the LIM Kinase 2 protein (Yao et al, 2015). Collectively, these targeting agents have shown to facilitate the accumulation of PEGylated PAMAM dendrimers, lysine dendrimers, liposomes, and polymeric polyplexes in the brain.…”