“…One of the most used bioremediation approaches is the stimulation of aerobic metabolism by adding oxygen to the environment (11). However, oxygen diffusion is limited, and oxygen losses can occur due to reaction with reduced species, such as Fe 2ϩ or Mn 2ϩ , present in these environments (12,13).…”
cHydrocarbons released during oil spills are persistent in marine sediments due to the absence of suitable electron acceptors below the oxic zone. Here, we investigated an alternative bioremediation strategy to remove toluene, a model monoaromatic hydrocarbon, using a bioanode. Bioelectrochemical reactors were inoculated with sediment collected from a hydrocarbon-contaminated marine site, and anodes were polarized at 0 mV and ؉300 mV (versus an Ag/AgCl [3 M KCl] reference electrode). The degradation of toluene was directly linked to current generation of up to 301 mA m ؊2 and 431 mA m ؊2 for the bioanodes polarized at 0 mV and ؉300 mV, respectively. Peak currents decreased over time even after periodic spiking with toluene. The monitoring of sulfate concentrations during bioelectrochemical experiments suggested that sulfur metabolism was involved in toluene degradation at bioanodes. 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina sequencing of the bulk anolyte and anode samples revealed enrichment with electrocatalytically active microorganisms, toluene degraders, and sulfate-reducing microorganisms. Quantitative PCR targeting the ␣-subunit of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (encoded by dsrA) and the ␣-subunit of the benzylsuccinate synthase (encoded by bssA) confirmed these findings. In particular, members of the family Desulfobulbaceae were enriched concomitantly with current production and toluene degradation. Based on these observations, we propose two mechanisms for bioelectrochemical toluene degradation: (i) direct electron transfer to the anode and/or (ii) sulfide-mediated electron transfer.
“…One of the most used bioremediation approaches is the stimulation of aerobic metabolism by adding oxygen to the environment (11). However, oxygen diffusion is limited, and oxygen losses can occur due to reaction with reduced species, such as Fe 2ϩ or Mn 2ϩ , present in these environments (12,13).…”
cHydrocarbons released during oil spills are persistent in marine sediments due to the absence of suitable electron acceptors below the oxic zone. Here, we investigated an alternative bioremediation strategy to remove toluene, a model monoaromatic hydrocarbon, using a bioanode. Bioelectrochemical reactors were inoculated with sediment collected from a hydrocarbon-contaminated marine site, and anodes were polarized at 0 mV and ؉300 mV (versus an Ag/AgCl [3 M KCl] reference electrode). The degradation of toluene was directly linked to current generation of up to 301 mA m ؊2 and 431 mA m ؊2 for the bioanodes polarized at 0 mV and ؉300 mV, respectively. Peak currents decreased over time even after periodic spiking with toluene. The monitoring of sulfate concentrations during bioelectrochemical experiments suggested that sulfur metabolism was involved in toluene degradation at bioanodes. 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina sequencing of the bulk anolyte and anode samples revealed enrichment with electrocatalytically active microorganisms, toluene degraders, and sulfate-reducing microorganisms. Quantitative PCR targeting the ␣-subunit of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (encoded by dsrA) and the ␣-subunit of the benzylsuccinate synthase (encoded by bssA) confirmed these findings. In particular, members of the family Desulfobulbaceae were enriched concomitantly with current production and toluene degradation. Based on these observations, we propose two mechanisms for bioelectrochemical toluene degradation: (i) direct electron transfer to the anode and/or (ii) sulfide-mediated electron transfer.
“…The results of this paper when compared with those in the literature [1,7,10,11,26,27] have a better performance, since the paper described above, use wash columns or surfactants in need of treatment by bioremediation a longer treatment time. While the methodology employed in this paper covers a larger area of treatment and still need a shorter time to treat this larger area resulting in a similar percentage of removal.…”
Section: Influence Of Injection Volumes Of the Systems In Removal Effmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…This type of contamination affects soils and underground water with toxic and/or carcinogenic substances such as: BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) [1,2]. The soil in contact with hydrocarbons easily absorbs contaminants due to its low solubility in water, which creates difficulties in the treatment of soil [3].…”
Gasoline and diesel leaks in underground storage tanks contaminate soils with petroleum hydrocarbons. Various techniques using surfactants have been proposed to remedy this type of contamination. This study presents the application of different systems containing surfactants in vapor phase. It compares the removal efficiencies of diesel contaminated soils using vapor injection systems: surfactant water solutions, micro-emulsions, and nano-emulsions. The surfactant used in the experiments was ethoxylated alcohol UNTL-90 in aqueous solution, in nano-emulsion, and micro-emulsion systems. Among the systems investigated, the nano-emulsion showed the highest removal efficiency (88%), being environmentally friendly and technically feasible with a system that has a lower content of active matter.
“…Site contaminated with e-waste pollutants could also be treated using electrokinetic treatment coupled with bioremediation 40,41 . This involves development of low electric potential across two electrodes placed in the contaminated system.…”
Electronic waste (e-waste) is an emerging source of toxic contaminants in the environment. It is considered to be hazardous as it is known to contain toxic metals, viz. Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb and Hg in huge amounts and organic pollutants, viz. polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromobisphenol-A. Rapid development and changes in lifestyle have resulted in a huge pile-up of e-waste and its continuous production further makes the situation troublesome. E-waste is usually processed informally for recovery of precious metals. During this process, a large amount of toxic metals, organic compounds and secondary organic pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and dioxin enters into the environment. Disposal of raw or processed e-waste in landfills also results in contamination of soil and groundwater through leachate. Considering the present environmental condition along with toxic and persistence nature of pollutants originating from e-waste, their remediation using sustainable methods is highly desirable. This article provides an overview of different bioremediation options used and available for remediation of e-waste-related pollutants. Advantages and limitations of these methods along with their applicability in restoration of contaminated system are also highlighted.
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