Enhanced Bactericidal Effects and Drug Delivery with Gentamicin-Conjugated Nanoparticles

Abstract

Amid the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in human populations, novel solutions are necessary. Nanoparticles, renowned for their adaptability, offer a diverse range of research avenues, notably as antibacterial agents. Coupling antibiotics with nanoparticles stands out as a potential strategy, effectively intriguing drug delivery challenges and circumventing antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on studies of nanoparticles in conjugation with the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin and their effectiveness as novel nanoparticle conjugates, their applications in drug delivery and enhanced bactericidal effects. In most cases, the nanoparticle conjugates were found to efficiently kill different bacterial strains, which was mainly dependent on the size, stability and concentration of the nanoparticles. Despite the several limitations such as nanotoxicity, accumulation of intravenously injected nanomaterials in tissues and organs, the urge and potential for the advancement of nanoparticle-drug conjugates still demands more scientific advancements.

From Polymeric Nanoformulations to Polyphenols—Strategies for Enhancing the Efficacy and Drug Delivery of Gentamicin

“…The C2 component consists of two stereoisomers [13]. The ratio of the gentamicin components varies depending on the drug's manufacturing method, the fermentation conditions, and the purification procedure [14,15]. methylation-a methyl or hydrogen substitution in two R groups on the 2-amino-hexose residue (I).…”

“…The ratio of the gentamicin components varies depending on the drug's manufacturing method, the fermentation conditions, and the purification procedure [14,15].…”

“…Nanoformulations for enhanced drug delivery have provided formulation scientists with the opportunity to achieve a higher bioavailability and biocompatibility, a controlled release, and increased target selectivity [48]. Although the use of nanoformulations in terms of their toxicity and distribution in the body is still under investigation, the potential gains of this approach drive further research in this field [14].…”

“…In addition to polymeric nanoformulations, gentamicin has been successfully encapsulated into liposomes [51][52][53] and mesoporous silica nanoparticles [54][55][56], as well as being tested for synergic effects in combination with metallic nanoparticles [57][58][59]. A detailed overview of all nanoformulation types for the delivery of gentamicin has been thoroughly evaluated in a recent review paper by Athauda et al [14]. The use of lipid-based nanoparticles for the delivery of antibiotics and the treatment of infections has already been reviewed in detail by Ferreira et al [60,61].…”

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Impact of the Conjugated Gentamycin-biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates In Vitro

“…Nowadays the green synthesis procedures (biological methods), which are conducted with plant extract as well as various microorganisms such as marine cyanobacteria, fungi, yeast, and bacteria are preferred because they do not require toxic chemical compound for creating nanoparticles [8]. The combination of metal nanoparticles with antibiotics is an integral key to boosting the antibacterial effect of classical antibiotics toward multidrug-resistant pathogens, as well as decrease the toxicity of the nanoparticles and antibiotics against human cells [9]. This combination of metal nanoparticle and antibiotic is produced as a result of the chemical or physical interaction.…”