Enhanced attention amplifies face adaptation

Rhodes, Gillian; Jeffery, Linda; Evangelista, Emma; Ewing, Louise; Peters, Marianne; Taylor, Libby

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2011.06.008

Cited by 57 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…These face aftereffects are found even when the adaptation and test stimuli are presented at different locations on the screen, or at different sizes, indicating that they are not retinotopic, as would be expected of low-level effects (Leopold et al, 2005; Rhodes et al, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In faces, increased object attention enhances the strength of the identity adaptation effect (Rhodes et al, 2011), suggesting that other high-level aftereffects may also be susceptible to enhancement by attention. However, a recent report in the current volume shows that featural attention to the ethnicity or gender of faces does not impact the strength of aftereffects along ethnicity and gender dimensions (Davidenko et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Effect of Featural Attention on Body Size Aftereffects

et al. 2016

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Prolonged exposure to images of narrow bodies has been shown to induce a perceptual aftereffect, such that observers’ point of subjective normality (PSN) for bodies shifts toward narrower bodies. The converse effect is shown for adaptation to wide bodies. In low-level stimuli, object attention (attention directed to the object) and spatial attention (attention directed to the location of the object) have been shown to increase the magnitude of visual aftereffects, while object-based attention enhances the adaptation effect in faces. It is not known whether featural attention (attention directed to a specific aspect of the object) affects the magnitude of adaptation effects in body stimuli. Here, we manipulate the attention of Caucasian observers to different featural information in body images, by asking them to rate the fatness or sex typicality of male and female bodies manipulated to appear fatter or thinner than average. PSNs for body fatness were taken at baseline and after adaptation, and a change in PSN (ΔPSN) was calculated. A body size adaptation effect was found, with observers who viewed fat bodies showing an increased PSN, and those exposed to thin bodies showing a reduced PSN. However, manipulations of featural attention to body fatness or sex typicality produced equivalent results, suggesting that featural attention may not affect the strength of the body size aftereffect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Effect of Featural Attention on Body Size Aftereffects

et al. 2016

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“…It is possible, for example, that these diminished face aftereffects could also reflect atypical attention. Attention has been shown to powerfully modulate the magnitude of perceptual adaptation in adults, with face aftereffects increasing with enhanced attention to adapting stimuli [20] and diminishing with reduced visual awareness of adapting stimuli [21-23] but see 24. In the studies reporting atypical face aftereffects in children with autism, participants were closely monitored to ensure that they fixated the stimuli presented on the screen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we measured face identity aftereffects in children with and without autism under two attention conditions. In one condition, participants viewed adapting face stimuli passively (‘Standard’ condition) and in the other (‘Attention-control’ condition) they were required to concurrently detect brightness changes to the eyes or lips of adapting faces, as in [20]. Attention condition was kept as a between-participants factor to prevent potential interactions with order [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one condition, participants viewed adapting face stimuli passively (‘Standard’ condition) and in the other (‘Attention-control’ condition) they were required to concurrently detect brightness changes to the eyes or lips of adapting faces, as in [20]. Attention condition was kept as a between-participants factor to prevent potential interactions with order [20]. Persistence of a group difference when attention is controlled would strengthen the case for an adaptive coding atypicality in children with autism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Face Aftereffects in Autism Are Not Due to Poor Attention

et al. 2013

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This study aimed to determine why face identity aftereffects are diminished in children with autism, relative to typical children. To address the possibility that reduced face aftereffects might reflect reduced attention to adapting stimuli, we investigated the consequence of controlling attention to adapting faces during a face identity aftereffect task in children with autism and typical children. We also included a size-change between adaptation and test stimuli to determine whether the reduced aftereffects reflect atypical adaptation to low- or higher-level stimulus properties. Results indicated that when attention was controlled and directed towards adapting stimuli, face identity aftereffects in children with autism were significantly reduced relative to typical children. This finding challenges the notion that atypicalities in the quality and/or quantity of children’s attention during adaptation might account for group differences previously observed in this paradigm. Additionally, evidence of diminished face identity aftereffects despite a stimulus size change supports an adaptive processing atypicality in autism that extends beyond low-level, retinotopically coded stimulus properties. These findings support the notion that diminished face aftereffects in autism reflect atypicalities in adaptive norm-based coding, which could also contribute to face processing difficulties in this group.

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Experimental manipulation of visual attention affects body size adaptation but not body dissatisfaction

Stephen

Hunter

Sturman

et al. 2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: Prolonged exposure to large/small bodies causes aftereffects in perceived body size.Outside the laboratory, individuals repeatedly exposed to small (large) bodies tend to over-(under-) estimate their size and exhibit increased (decreased) body dissatisfaction. Why, among individuals exposed to approximately equivalent distributions of body sizes, only some develop body size and shape misperception and/or body dissatisfaction is not yet fully understood.Method: We exposed 61 women to high and low adiposity bodies simultaneously, instructing half to attend to high, and half to low adiposity bodies.Results: Participants in the high adiposity attention condition's perception of "normal" body size significantly increased in adiposity, and vice versa. Discussion: This suggests that visual attention moderates body size aftereffects. Interventions encouraging visual attention to more realistic ranges of bodies may therefore reduce body misperception. No change in body dissatisfaction was found, suggesting that changes in the perceptual component (misperception) may not necessarily affect the attitudinal component (dissatisfaction) of body image distortion. K E Y W O R D S body size misperception, visual adaptation

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Enhanced attention amplifies face adaptation

Cited by 57 publications

References 63 publications

No Effect of Featural Attention on Body Size Aftereffects

No Effect of Featural Attention on Body Size Aftereffects

Reduced Face Aftereffects in Autism Are Not Due to Poor Attention

Experimental manipulation of visual attention affects body size adaptation but not body dissatisfaction

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