Enhanced atmospheric transport of soil derived organic matter in spring over the high Arctic

Kawamura, Kimitaka; Yanase, Ayako; Eguchi, Tomohiro; Mikami, Taisei; Barrie, Leonard A.

doi:10.1029/96gl03537

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These trajectories confirm the likely importance of transport of organic material from North America to the Greenland glacier. These measurements represent the first direct evidence of vascular plant organic matter in polar snow, and allow for the direct measurement of its biogenic inputs to the glacial ice, rather than as inferred from low molecular weight carboxylic acids and black carbon [ Kawamura et al , 1996; Legrand and DeAngelis , 1996; Slater et al , 2002]. However, on the basis of the molecular weight distributions obtained from TOC analysis of the snow samples, it is imperative that future studies focus on the smaller organic materials that make up a large fraction of the total carbon found in snow in these regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemistry and nature of organic matter in Arctic and Antarctic snow

Grannas¹,

Shepson²,

Filley

2004

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

139

154

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It has been shown that sunlit snowpacks are photochemically active, producing a number of species that can significantly impact the overlying atmosphere. Here we investigate the origin of the flux of low molecular weight carbonyl compounds (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) from sunlit snow obtained from both Arctic (Alert, Canada, and Summit, Greenland) and Antarctic (South Pole) sources. In addition, efforts to characterize the potential snow‐phase organic matter (SPOM) precursors were undertaken. Using chemically characterized SPOM, we find that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are produced upon irradiation, and that production is enhanced with the addition of nitrate (a precursor to OH radicals). SPOM from both Alert and Summit is found to be derived from a variety of sources, including vascular plants. This indicates deposition of atmospheric particulate matter containing vascular tissue to high‐altitude Arctic snow. These findings open a potential window for a rich record of variations in terrestrial vegetation‐derived aerosol signals that could be preserved in ice cores.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemistry and nature of organic matter in Arctic and Antarctic snow

Grannas¹,

Shepson²,

Filley

2004

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

139

154

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“…These results suggest that the longer chain diacids are not significantly produced in the Arctic spring or they are scavenged by dry deposition as coarse particles. Longer chain diacids are likely emitted from soils (mid‐latitude) or produced in the marine atmosphere on the way to the Arctic [ Kawamura et al , 1996c], and have been reported in an ice core from Greenland [ Kawamura et al , 2001]. In winter to spring wet precipitation is limited in the Arctic, hence dry deposition processes likely scavenge coarse mode aerosols.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine and coarse modes of dicarboxylic acids in the Arctic aerosols collected during the Polar Sunrise Experiment 1997

et al. 2003

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[1] Fine (<1 mm) and coarse (>1 mm) aerosol particles were collected at Alert, Canada (82°27 0 N, 62°30 0 W), during the Arctic spring as part of the Polar Sunrise Experiment 1997 and were analyzed for low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 11 ) using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). More than 80% of total diacids were detected in the fine fraction, suggesting the production by gas-to-particle conversion in the Arctic. In both fractions, oxalic acid was the dominant diacid species followed by succinic and malonic acids. Shorter chain diacids (C 2 -C 5 ) showed the concentration maximum on 5-7 April; however, longer chain diacids (

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“…Ohta et al (1997) suggested that soil particles blown from dry ground after the snow thaws were responsible for the vernal increase in turbidity at Sapporo. However, recent satellite data suggest that the dust particles are transported from the Asian continent to a wider region (e.g., Husar et al 2001;Tratt et al 2001) and to higher latitudes (e.g., Kawamura et al 1996) than previously thought.…”

Section: Asian Dust Eventsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Barrie et al (1988) reported that the transport of anthropogenic aerosols from mid-latitudes to the Arctic occurs mainly in winter. On the other hand, Kawamura et al (1996) found that soil dust particles are transported from East Asia to high latitudes, including the Arctic, mainly in spring. Further study on the transport mechanism from middle to high latitudes is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sky Radiometer Measurements of Aerosol Optical Properties over Sapporo, Japan

Aoki

Fujiyoshi

2003

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Ground-based sky radiometers were used to measure direct solar irradiance and solar aureole radiance for several years at Sapporo, Tsukuba, and Tokyo, Japan. From these measurements, we computed aerosol optical thickness at 0.5 mm, tð0:5Þ, and the A ˚ ngström exponent, a, and volume size distributions within a column. The optical thickness at Sapporo increased markedly over a short period of time following Asian dust events, and a forest fire in Siberia. The columnar volume size distributions observed during the Asian dust events showed a peak radius of 2.0-3.0 mm. Backward trajectory analyses suggest that the particles producing this springtime event originated in the Loess Plateau and Gobi Desert, and reached Sapporo via southern China. The columnar size distribution during the forest fire case showed an increase in the density of particles with a peak radius @0.2 mm. Trajectory analysis clearly linked the atmospheric changes over Sapporo with a forest fire in Siberia. The aerosol optical thickness, tð0:5Þ, has a clear seasonal cycle at Sapporo, with a vernal maximum and an autumnal minimum. The A ˚ ngström exponent, a, has a clear seasonal cycle at both Tokyo and Tsukuba, where early-winter maxima and springtime minima are observed, but at Sapporo the seasonal cycle is weaker, with a summer maximum and a vernal minimum. Aerosols were classified into four types (Types I@IV) based on tð0:5Þ, and a data observed at the three sites. Aerosols with a tð0:5Þ smaller than the total mean of tð0:5Þ, but greater than or equal to the total mean of a ðtð0:5Þ < tð0:5Þ; a b aÞ were classified as Type I; aerosols with tð0:5Þ b tð0:5Þ and a b a were Type II; those with tð0:5Þ < tð0:5Þ and a < a were Type III; and those with tð0:5Þ b tð0:5Þ, a < a were Type IV. The most common aerosol type, that is, the background aerosol, was Type I (@40%) at all three sites. Type-IV aerosols at all three sites showed the same seasonal cycle (spring maximum), suggesting large-scale phenomena such as Asian dust events may contribute to the production and transport of this aerosol type. The behavior of Type-II aerosols differed at the three sites, indicating that local phenomena are important in the production and transport of Type-II aerosols. The emission of manufactured aerosols and subsequent gas-to-particle processes may contribute to Type-II aerosol formation. Type-III aerosols at Sapporo were characterized by a seasonal cycle opposite to that of Type-IV aerosols, suggesting that large particles have different sources and/or transport processes in spring and autumn. Corresponding author and present affiliation: Ka-zuma Aoki, The atmospheric turbidity retrieved from the sky radiometer is compared, b(SR), at Sapporo with that calculated using direct solar radiation measurements, b(DSR). Both showed the same seasonal cycle, but b(SR) was slightly smaller (@0.02) than b(DSR). Sky radiometers can retrieve the optical properties of aerosols under cloudy conditions if there are no clouds around the solar aureole. The seasonal mean of tð0:5Þ (or ...

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Enhanced atmospheric transport of soil derived organic matter in spring over the high Arctic

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Photochemistry and nature of organic matter in Arctic and Antarctic snow

Photochemistry and nature of organic matter in Arctic and Antarctic snow

Fine and coarse modes of dicarboxylic acids in the Arctic aerosols collected during the Polar Sunrise Experiment 1997

Sky Radiometer Measurements of Aerosol Optical Properties over Sapporo, Japan

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