Enhanced Antioxidant Activity of Bioactives in Colored Grains by Nano-Carriers in Human Lens Epithelial Cells

Abstract

The use of phytochemicals for preventing chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress such as cataracts is hindered by their low bioavailability. The effects of nano-carriers on the antioxidant activities of extracts of black rice with giant embryo (BRGEx) and soybeans (SBx) have been determined in human lens epithelial B3 cells. Scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that rGO (reduced graphene oxide) has a flat surface unlike GO (graphene oxide), which has a distinctive wrinkled structure with defects. UPLC analysis revealed 41.9 μg/100 g of γ-oryzanols in water extract of BRGE, and 111.8 μg /100 g of lutein, 757.7 μg/100 g of γ-tocotrienol, 4071.4 μg/100 g of γ-tocopherol in 40% ethanol extract of soybeans, respectively. Even though a low concentration of BRGEx alone did not show any antioxidant activity in B3 cells, co-treatment of BRGEx with rGO together substantially reduced hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal-induced DNA damage, as determined by phosphorylated γH2AX. In addition, SBx with rGO also attenuated DNA damage. Furthermore, intracellular reactive oxygen species were significantly decreased by combining extracts of these colored grains with rGO. These results suggest a potential application of nanocarriers for enhancing the bioavailability of phytochemicals.

Advances in Biologically Applicable Graphene-Based 2D Nanomaterials

“…The antioxidant activity of GBN lies in the scavenging of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. In was observed that few-/multi-layer GR is more active than GO, despite its lower surface area, suggesting that the main scavenging activity is associated with pristine sp 2 carbon domains on basal surfaces, rather than with H-donation from hydroxyl or hydroquinone groups [ 117 , 118 ]. Thus, GBNs can protect various biomolecular target molecules from oxidation.…”

Development of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as Potential Biomaterials in Cancer Therapeutics: An In-Vitro Study Against Breast Cancer Cell Line

“…The [31]. The formation of the radical adduct at the sp 2 carbon sites determines the antioxidant activity of carbonaceous nanomaterials.…”

Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Pure Graphene Oxide (GO) and ZnO-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Using DPPH Radical and H2O2 Scavenging Assays

“…Recent reports have demonstrated that several types of nanoparticles act as potent free radical scavengers and antioxidants [22,23]. The prepared nanocomposites GO and ZnO-rGO were investigated for anti-oxidant properties using DPPH radical and H 2 O 2 scavenging assays.…”

“…The antioxidant activity pattern can depend on the structure of graphene oxide or few-layer graphene [25]. Some researchers proposed that antioxidant propriety of carbon materials may involve radical adduct formation at sp2 carbon sites, which delocalizes spin across the conjugated graphene backbone and leads to the destruction of the radical following second adduct formation, through electron transfer, through hydrogen donation from functional groups, or through chelation of transitional metal ions and inhibition of Fenton-based radical generation [23,24]. Interestingly, GO showed a more considerable scavenging efficiency using the DPPH radical test while the ZnO decorated GO was more efficient in the H 2 O 2 antioxidant assays.…”