Enhanced anti-counterfeiting measures for additive manufacturing: coupling lanthanide nanomaterial chemical signatures with blockchain technology

Kennedy, Zachary C.; Stephenson, David; Christ, Josef F.; Pope, Timothy R.; Arey, Bruce W.; Barrett, Christopher A.; Warner, MG

doi:10.1039/c7tc03348f

Cited by 116 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Additionally, Kennedy et al (2017) demonstrate a new anti-counterfeiting approach based on blockchain. Counterfeit additive manufacturing parts seem to be similar to the original; however, they lack the critical information on the part functionality or material composition that may lead to part failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain in manufacturing revolution based on machine to machine transaction: a systematic review

Martins

Gonçalves

Petroni

2019

BJO&PM

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In the last few years, two technological events emerged. First, the rising of Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies such as IoT allowed the direct link between machines on the shop floor, establishing a machine-to-machine communication (M2M). Second, blockchain enables transactions such payments and contracts without a formal reliable or accreditation institutions, such as banks or government. Goal: The goal of this paper is to explore the state-of-art of the blockchain technology applied to the manufacture sector. In this sense, the option of the M2M transaction being intermediated by blockchain on the shop floor is a hypothesis to be tested. Moreover, it could be questioned if these subjects are being appreciated by the academia. Design / Methodology / Approach: a systematic review of the literature was conducted, considering blockchain, the industrial context, and the Industry 4.0 related technologies. Results: As a result, only 12 papers that were classified according to their application fields and practice stages were obtained. Limitations of the investigation: this field of application is brand new; thus, the available literature is scarce; only 12 papers were obtained. Practical implications: As the main result, it was identified that the possibilities of blockchain applications to Industry have been poorly explored by literature. Originality / Value: The paper addresses the possibility of application of blockchain in M2M-based manufacture, and detaches the research gap in the academic literature related to it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain in manufacturing revolution based on machine to machine transaction: a systematic review

Martins

Gonçalves

Petroni

2019

BJO&PM

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“…Smart contract is primarily used for general purpose computing purposes on blockchains or distributed ledgers. Ethereum [20] is a distributed computing platform and operating system based on blockchain. It has a smart contract (script) function.…”

Section: Blockchain Technology and Ethereum Smart Contract Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicle Power Trading Mechanism Based on Blockchain and Smart Contract in V2G Network

et al. 2019

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In order to realize peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions between electric vehicles (EVs) in vehicleto-grid (V2G) networks, we propose an EV power trading model based on blockchain and smart contract. Firstly, based on the blockchain and smart contract technology, a decentralized power trading model is proposed to realize the information equivalence and transparent openness of power trading. Then, considering the randomness and uncertainty of EV charging and discharging, the EV trading parties use the reverse auction mechanism based on dynamic pricing strategy to complete the transaction matching, which can not only improve the profit of the less competitive power seller, but also it can reduce the cost of the electricity purchaser. Finally, in order to verify the feasibility of our proposed scheme, V2G's EV power trading smart contract was designed, and the smart contract was released to Ethereum and simulated experiments were carried out. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation experiments and comparison with traditional power trading schemes.

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“…Some very specific characteristics of one equipment, let's say some trend some noise, distortion could be used to link the produced part with the printer, that trace the authenticity and quality of individual parts [34]. A different approach could be print a QR code, with some tracer chemical with or not blockchain connection [35], some discussions about the custody chain of the blockchain information was also supplied. There are considerations to keep safe the file 3D part and some encryption technics as discrete cosines transforms was proposed [36], the labelling or marking the parts to improve the traceability of the SS316L produced parts is reported elsewhere [37].…”

Section: Security and Intellectual Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacture at Industrial, Aeronautical and Defence Area: How to Control the Production of a Good and Some Questions Related Copyright Intellectual Property Performance at an Embargo Scenario

Pascual¹,

Pascual²

2019

Proceedings of the 10th Aerospace Technology Congress, October 8-9, 2019, Stockholm, Sweden

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One question raised in this exploratory work with focus on how assure that the Additive Manufacture, AM, let's say 3D printing, produced part fits all the requirements, to fulfil the demands of warranty and performance to assure the proper operation of the system in that this part is included and how to perform the traceability of them. Some other important points in this discussion, regarding the digital files and the parts produced from those files or by files produced from scanned 3D parts, include among others: Copyright and Patent issues, Licensing private or Public (GPL), Creative Commons (CC). Other important topics are about customer adapted production, support licenses i.e. the AM techniques recommend by the supplier of the system to produce a specific part to fulfil the requirements of the system. Traceability of this production and Digital Right Management (DRM) since suppliers are demanded regarding the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and Export Administration Regulations (EAR). Embargo statements frequently are needed for humanitarian and geopolitical reasons and ensure the fulfilling dimension and scope and demands of an embargo sanction are a trick challenge. The AM could be an opportunity or a threat in this issue. The point surrounding the 4.0 industry is how to define and control the permission to copy and some kind traceability of the produced goods e.g. IoT and "IP or DOI mark", but the ontology logical data and right technological and legal model must be defined. However, if those goods, the spare parts or additional ones, will not be controlled, they potentially could be produced by the entity or nation under embargoes sanctions or some undisclosed ally. The other concerns regarding AM solutions are about software to control in some extent the production of some good and with the possibility that the supplier of the product restrict the production at the buyer as an undeclared embargo, one option is private blockchain key shared by the supplier of the technology able to be AM, the customer and a trusted third part.

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Enhanced anti-counterfeiting measures for additive manufacturing: coupling lanthanide nanomaterial chemical signatures with blockchain technology

Abstract: An anti-counterfeiting method is introduced by doping optically-active nanomaterials into printed parts, non-destructively measuring the part's chemical signatures arising from the taggants, and linking the resulting signature data to a blockchain.

Cited by 116 publications

References 24 publications

Blockchain in manufacturing revolution based on machine to machine transaction: a systematic review

Blockchain in manufacturing revolution based on machine to machine transaction: a systematic review

Electric Vehicle Power Trading Mechanism Based on Blockchain and Smart Contract in V2G Network

Additive Manufacture at Industrial, Aeronautical and Defence Area: How to Control the Production of a Good and Some Questions Related Copyright Intellectual Property Performance at an Embargo Scenario

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