Enhanced Adsorption of Toxic and Biologically Active Levofloxacin Residuals from Wastewater Using Clay Nanotubes as a Novel Fixed Bed: Column Performance and Optimization

Abstract

Kaolinite nanotube particles (KNTs) were synthesized by a chemical exfoliation and scrolling process in the existence of sonication waves. The KNT product was identified as a mesoporous material (12 nm in pore diameter) with high surface area (105 m 2 /g) and promising adsorption affinity for the levofloxacin antibiotic (LVOX) residuals in wastewater. The KNT particles were used as a fixed bed in the continuous adsorption column system for LVOX considering the essential variables. The investigation of the KNT fixed bed in a continuous column for 1800 min verified its suitability to reduce the LVOX content in 9 L of polluted solutions by 80.4%. This was recognized after using the KNT bed of 4 cm in height, a flow rate of 5 mL/min, a pH value of 8, a total flow interval of 1800 min, and an LVOX concentration of 10 mg/L. The regeneration study of the bed declared effective recyclability properties for the KNT particles in the LVOX adsorption column system. The dynamic properties of the KNT bed-based column system were explained based on Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and the Yoon–Nelson kinetic models. The LVOX adsorption reaction by KNTs follows Langmuir behavior with homogeneous and monolayer uptake form. The Gaussian energy (2.05 kJ/mol) and the thermodynamic parameters emphasized physical, spontaneous, and exothermic adsorption reactions for LVOX by KNTs.

Insight into the effects of H2SO4 and HNO3 acidification processes on the properties of coal as an enhanced adsorbent for ciprofloxacin residuals: Steric and energetic studies

“…Ciprofloxacin (C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 ) (CFX) is one of the fluoroquinolone analog antibiotics applied widely during the treatment of infectious diseases (bone, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract) and as an antibacterial agent against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacilli ( Abukhadra et al, 2022a ; Falyouna et al, 2022 ; Guo et al, 2022 ). CFX exhibits poor metabolic stability, and about 75% of the delivered dosage in the animal or human body get rid of parent compounds ( Abukhadra et al, 2020 ; Asadi-Ghalhari et al, 2022 ). Therefore, it is widely detected in the sewage systems of urban regions and hospitals at concentrations up to 150 μg/L and 30 mg/L in the discharged effluents of pharmaceutical factories ( Peng Sun et al, 2009 ; Asadi-Ghalhari et al, 2022 ; Parmar and Srivastava, 2022 ).…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Rich Glauconite Nanorods by a Facile Sonochemical Method for Instantaneous and Eco-friendly Elimination of Malachite Green Dye from Aquatic Environments

“…In later periods, clay-based one-dimensional nanostructures (nanotubes) have been developed as an advanced modified form of clay with unique surface area and dispersion properties. , This occurred essentially by facile sonication-prompted chemical exfoliation followed by scrolling processes, which resulted in semicrystalline particles composed of scrolled single or several clay sheets that exhibit unique surface reactivity, surface area, porous structure, and adsorption capacities. ,, However, most of the studies introduced about the exfoliation and scrolling of the clay minerals focused on both kaolinite and bentonite; no previous studies have been introduced to investigate other clay minerals, such as glauconite. Glauconite is one of the common natural clay minerals that exhibits a potassium-ferric phyllosilicate structure (K, Na) (Fe 3+ Fe 2+ , Al, Mg) 2 (Si,Al) 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ).…”

Effect of structural iron on nanoscroll formation via exfoliation of a high iron-content kaolin

“…Kaolinite nanostructures can be applied in various industrial fields, from additives, coatings, and pigments to nanostorage and biomedical applications [36]; however, the recent focus is on their remarkable potential to be photocatalysts [10,37,38] or adsorbents [39].…”