Enhanced Adsorption Capacity of Methylene Blue Dye onto Kaolin through Acid Treatment: Batch Adsorption and Machine Learning Studies

Abstract

Algerian kaolinite, sourced from Djebel Debbagh nuance 3 (DD3), was used as a low-cost adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from water. Its adsorption capacity was enhanced through sulfuric acid treatment (treated-DD3). In response to the urgent demand for clean water, various technologies have been developed to address dye removal from wastewater. This study, specifically delving into the treatment of textile wastewater, examined the efficacy of treated-DD3 through adsorption processes. The acid treatment increased the surface area and pore volume of DD3. X-ray diffraction showed crystalline phases in both, with treated-DD3 having higher crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy found no significant differences post-acid treatment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed DD3 had large, stacked particles with low surface area, while treated-DD3 had increased porosity and a smoother surface. Various parameters affecting MB adsorption were studied. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for isotherm parameters. Treated-DD3 exhibited a higher MB adsorption capacity (64.58 mg/g according to the Langmuir model) than DD3 (44.48 mg/g). Thermodynamic analysis indicated spontaneous and endothermic MB adsorption onto both DD3-BM and treated-DD3-BM systems under different pH conditions. Treated-DD3 effectively reduced chemical oxygen demand (from 304.056 mg/L to 34.44 mg/L) and biological oxygen demand (from 80 mg/L to 20 mg/L) in real textile wastewater. The adsorbent exhibited rapid removal and decolorization, surpassing 93% within the first 7 min of the experiment. The Gaussian process regression and particle swarm optimization (GPR–PSO) predicted MB adsorption capacity effectively (R = 0.9989, R2 = 0.9978, adj-R2 = 0.9978, RMSE = 1.1390, and MAE = 0.3926).

Efficiency of Hydrogen Peroxide and Fenton Reagent for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation in Contaminated Soil: Insights from Experimental and Predictive Modeling

“…In the realm of artificial intelligence, this model finds a plethora of applications, including time series prediction, modeling of unknown functions, and Bayesian optimization [30]. Fundamentally, a Gaussian process is defined by a probability distribution over functions, where each potential function is characterized by a mean and associated covariance [31]. The procedure for estimating the target function involves leveraging the properties of this distribution by using the observed data to update estimates of the mean and covariance [32].…”

Metal organic framework composite based on CuBTC/SPION for application in methylene blue adsorption

“…Langmuir model CuBTC combined with both mesoporous silica and iron oxide particles offers 2.3 times higher adsorption capacity than pure CuBTC. [56] As the temperature has a significant effect on the adsorption process by increasing the motion of ions in the solution, the effect of of the MB adsorption process calculated by the following van't Hoff equations: [57] Δ…”

Conditioning Influence of Kaolinite Matrices on Flexural Strength of Raw Pressed Slurry Collected from Ceramic Tile Production Wastewater

“…Kaolinite is one of the most versatile minerals among the phyllosilicate family due to its increased physicochemical stability and its binding abilities, which are due to its tetrahedral SiO 4 sheets linked by oxygen atoms, as well as an alumina sheet of octahedral AlO 6 , generating a multilayered structure [1,2]. The data in the literature reveal that water 2 of 19 or other molecules' abilities to penetrate kaolinite sheets increase their interplanar distance and subsequent binding ability [3,4]. On the other hand, kaolinite presents interesting breaking behavior, being very resistant to the solicitation exerted perpendicularly to the silica sheets and easily breaking through the cleavage under the solicitation oriented directly to the sheet folds [5].…”

“…Moisture is one of the most important conditioning parameters that must be followed because of its ability to activate kaolinite platelet adsorption onto the other mineral particles [4,24]. Another important parameter is microstructure homogenization.…”