Engrailed-1 Expression Marks a Primitive Class of Inhibitory Spinal Interneuron

Higashijima, Shin‐ichi; Masino, Mark A.; Mandel, Gail; Fetcho, Joseph R.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5342-03.2004

Cited by 167 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…3B). As previously discussed, eng1b is exclusively expressed by CiA interneurons in spinal cord at 27 hpf (Higashijima et al, 2004) and the major fraction of GFPpositive cells sorted from the Tg(pax2a:GFP) line should be CiAs. lhx5 is expressed in several post-mitotic cells in the medial-dorsal region of zebrafish spinal cord, but the exact interneurons that express this gene have not yet been identified (Toyama et al, 1995).…”

Section: Expression-profiling Using Affymetrix Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…As the neurons in the Tg(pax2a:GFP) GFP-positive samples are a subset of those in the Tg(elav13: EGFP) GFP-positive samples, a lower level of expression is also seen in the latter. The lowest level of expression is seen in the trunk samples even though this group includes all cells from the other two groups and both pax2a and eng1b are expressed in non-neuronal trunk tissues (pax2a in pronephros and eng1b in muscle pioneers; Hatta et al, 1991;Krauss et al, 1991;Majumdar et al, 2000;Higashijima et al, 2004). However, this probably reflects the fact that the expression domains of these genes only represent a relatively small fraction of the trunk (Fig.…”

Section: Expression-profiling Using Affymetrix Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…slc32a1 (also known as vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter or viaat) is a known marker of inhibitory neurons (McIntire et al, 1997;Sagne et al, 1997) and it is likely to be expressed in a number of spinal neuron types, including CiAs, the majority of which are GABAergic and/or glycinergic (Higashijima et al, 2004;. Therefore, we would expect to find relatively high levels of expression of this gene in both the Tg(pax2a:GFP) and the Tg(elavl3: EGFP) GFP-positive samples.…”

Section: Expression-profiling Using Affymetrix Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as for lhx1a, the lack of differential expression between the Tg(pax2a: GFP) and the Tg(elavl3:EGFP) GFP-positive samples suggests that either not all CiAs express slc32a1 at 27 hpf, or that the expression of slc32a1 in at least some CiAs is weaker than the expression of this gene in other spinal neurons. This is not surprising as the FAC-sorted CiAs should have been at a variety of different developmental stages and only the developmentally "older" neurons will have started to express neurotransmitter markers (as CiAs form continuously over the first few days of development; Higashijima et al, 2004).…”

Section: Expression-profiling Using Affymetrix Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CiAs are one of the most characterised classes of zebrafish spinal interneurons and they share many characteristics and are probably functionally homologous with mammalian V1 cells (Saueressig et al, 1999;Higashijima et al, 2004;Sapir et al, 2004;Alvarez et al, 2005). In both zebrafish and mouse, CiAs/V1 cells are the only spinal cells that express the transcription factor Engrailed-1 (Eng1b in zebrafish, En1 in mouse; Saueressig et al, 1999;Higashijima et al, 2004) and, along with other more dorsal spinal interneurons, CiAs, like V1 cells, also express Pax2 (Burrill et al, 1997;. In addition, mammalian V1 cells express Lhx1 and Lhx5, but it is not yet known whether CiAs also express these transcription factors (Sheng et al, 1997;Gross et al, 2002;Pillai et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RNA profiling of FAC‐sorted neurons from the developing zebrafish spinal cord

Cerda

Hargrave

Lewis

2008

Developmental Dynamics

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In this report, we describe a successful protocol for isolating and expression-profiling live fluorescentprotein-labelled neurons from zebrafish embryos. As a proof-of-principle for this method, we FAC-sorted and RNA-profiled GFP-labelled spinal CiA interneurons and compared the expression profile of these cells to those of post-mitotic spinal neurons in general and to all trunk cells. We show that RNA of sufficient quality and quantity to uncover both expected and novel transcription profiles via Affymetrix microarray analysis can be extracted from 5,700 to 20,000 FAC-sorted cells. As part of this study, we also further confirm the genetic homology of mammalian and zebrafish V1 interneurons, by demonstrating that zebrafish V1 cells (CiAs) express genes that encode for the transcription factors Lhx1a and Lhx5. This protocol for dissociating, sorting and RNA-profiling neurons from organogenesis-stage zebrafish embryos should also be applicable to other developing organs and tissues and potentially other model organisms. Developmental Dynamics 238:150 -161, 2009.

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Section: Expression-profiling Using Affymetrix Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Expression-profiling Using Affymetrix Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression-profiling Using Affymetrix Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression-profiling Using Affymetrix Microarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

RNA profiling of FAC‐sorted neurons from the developing zebrafish spinal cord

Cerda

Hargrave

Lewis

2008

Developmental Dynamics

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Spinal Network Development

Sillar

McLean

2010

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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This article is a review of research into the development of the spinal networks that control rhythmic locomotor movements. By the time they reach adulthood, most animals display a complex repertoire of characteristic motor behaviours that are essential for their survival. One such behaviour is locomotion, which involves rhythmically repeating movements of the body or appendages, produced by the coordinated contractions of different skeletal muscle groups. Muscle contractions are generated by bursts of action potentials in motorneurons (MNs) whose firing patterns are controlled by networks of interneurons that reside principally in the spinal cord and hindbrain. This article provides an overview of current knowledge on the development of the neuronal networks that control locomotion. Key Concepts: Locomotion in vertebrates involves rhythmic contractions of functionally antagonistic pairs of muscles. The locomotor rhythm is generated by networks of neurons in the central nervous system, often called central pattern generators (CPGs). The neural networks responsible for locomotion arise early in vertebrate development, often before birth or hatching. Locomotor network development precedes the emergence of the behaviours the networks will eventually control. Neural mechanisms for locomotor rhythm generation appear to be similar across a range of species. The basic rhythm is generated by glutamate‐mediated excitation and glycine‐mediated inhibition. The motor output generated by immature locomotor networks often lacks the flexibility required of adult behaviour. During locomotor network maturation there is a sequence of changes in the properties of and connections between spinal neurons. During development, locomotor networks are progressively influenced by neuromodulatory systems, many of which originate from nuclei in the brainstem. Serotonin released from neurons of the raphe nuclei in the brainstem appears to be a particularly important neuromodulator. The way in which additional components are added sequentially to locomotor networks in different species ensures the motor output matches the development stage‐specific behavioural requirements of the host organism.

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Zebrafish as a Model System for Successful Spinal Cord Regeneration

Becker

2006

Model Organisms in Spinal Cord Regeneration

101

114

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OverviewAdult zebrafish, in contrast to mammals, are capable of functional regeneration after spinal cord injury. Regeneration studies in zebrafish benefit from the model status of this vertebrate for research on developmental biology. This model status has helped to make available molecular tools such as genetic manipulation, expression profiling and gene knock-down techniques. Behavioral recovery after spinal injury is clearly quantifiable in zebrafish using different tests. The anatomical basis for behavioral recovery is supported by a surprising heterogeneity in axon regrowth and gene expression in different neuronal populations. In addition, specific gene regulation in non-axotomized spinal neurons indicates plasticity of the spinal circuitry after injury, which may also contribute to behavioral recovery. Gaps in our understanding of the spinal network are being filled by several studies of the more simple spinal network found in larval zebrafish. Gene knock-down, interference with intracellular messenger systems and promoter analysis in neurons after lesion are all possible in vivo, demonstrating the experimental accessibility of the system. At the same time, environmental inhibitors of axon re-growth appear not to be prominent in fish. Thus, environmental conditions may not confound the study of neuronal reactions to axotomy. Zebrafish, therefore, offer the opportunity to perform in-vivo studies of the mechanisms that lead to successful recovery after spinal cord injury, from the molecular to the systems levels.

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Engrailed-1 Expression Marks a Primitive Class of Inhibitory Spinal Interneuron

Cited by 167 publications

References 52 publications

RNA profiling of FAC‐sorted neurons from the developing zebrafish spinal cord

RNA profiling of FAC‐sorted neurons from the developing zebrafish spinal cord

Spinal Network Development

Zebrafish as a Model System for Successful Spinal Cord Regeneration

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