“…Much of the literature that has explored governmental responses to the global financial crisis shows that governments across the globe have been hit to varying degrees by the financial crisis, and that some have responded with only incremental, yet others with more fundamental, measures (see Kickert, 2012;Kickert et al, 2013;Peters, 2011). In addition, case studies of LGs in Germany, Italy as well as the UK have highlighted that changes in regulations such as taxation limitations and devolvement of tasks, or cuts to public expenditure (Barbera et al, 2017;Jones, 2017;Papenfuß et al, 2017) can have unexpected and long-lasting effects on the LGs' finances, and F o r P e e r R e v i e w impact on public managers' perceptions and elaboration of ensuing response strategies. In line with these findings, it may be expected that when public managers perceive a stronger intensity of external shocks, this will translate in stronger responses, both in terms of incremental adaptation and buffering (bouncing back) and of more radical transformations and repositioning (bouncing forward).…”