“…As English medium instruction is the use of English to teach academic courses at universities, as EM courses have been studied under the name of English medium instruction in the literature, and as the main focus of the present study is on EM courses, English medium instruction was replaced with EM courses in the literature review. When the literature was reviewed to understand what may cause this situation, it was seen that several studies were conducted on EM courses with students (Dafouz & Camacho-Miñano, 2016;Du & Jackson, 2018;Goodman, 2019;Hengsadeekul et al, 2014;Huang, 2015;Mengxia Kong & Wei, 2019;Macaro & Akincioğlu, 2017;Margic & Vodopija-Krstanovic, 2018;Pritasari et al, 2019;Rivero-Menéndez et al, 2018;Suliman & Tadros, 2011;Wanphet & Tantawy, 2018;Wang et al, 2018), with lecturers (Başıbek et al, 2014;Tuomainen, 2018), and with students and lecturers (Al-Kahtany et al, 2016;Barrios et al, 2016;Querol-Julián & Camiciottoli, 2019;Tatzl, 2011;Thomas, 2019;Yang et al, 2019;Zhang, 2017). Some of these studies have found out that a low level of English proficiency is a problem in EM courses for students (Al-Kahtany et al, 2016;Başıbek et al, 2014;Goodman, 2019;Huang, 2015;Pritasari et al, 2019;Suliman & Tadros, 2011;Wang et al, 2018), for lecturers (Tuomainen, 2018), and for both of them (Barrios et al, 2016;Querol-Julián & Camiciottoli, 2019;Tatzl, 2011;Thomas, 2019) because English lan...…”