English Mariners Trading to Spain and Portugal, 1558–1625

Croft, Pauline

doi:10.1080/00253359.1983.10655924

The Mariner's Mirror

1983

DOI: 10.1080/00253359.1983.10655924

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English Mariners Trading to Spain and Portugal, 1558–1625

Pauline Croft¹

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Cited by 6 publications

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“…8; Scammell, ‘Manning’, pp. 144–8; Croft, ‘English mariners’; Scammell, ‘Merchant service master’; Blakemore, ‘Navigating culture’.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…235–6; Davis, English shipping industry , pp. 133–4; Croft, ‘English mariners’, p. 253; Rediker, Between the devil , pp. 118–19; Earle, Sailors , pp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…234–5; Davis, English shipping industry , p. 150; Scammell, ‘Manning’, pp. 142–3, 146; Croft, ‘English mariners’, pp. 261–2; Rediker, Between the devil , pp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pieces of eight, pieces of eight: seamen's earnings and the venture economy of early modern seafaring†

Blakemore

2017

The Economic History Review

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Historians have generally argued that between the medieval period and the eighteenth century seafarers transformed from collaborative adventurers with a share in their vessel to the first international wage‐earning proletariat. This interpretation has drawn upon relatively limited statistical analysis of mariners’ wages, and underestimates the variety of seafarers’ remuneration and economic activities besides wages themselves. This article undertakes a more sustained analysis of seventeenth‐century wage data drawn from the papers of the English High Court of Admiralty, and uses the same evidence to examine other forms of income, both customary payments as part of shipping, and small‐scale trade. Seafarers of all ranks carried their own commodities on all shipping routes, offering an opportunity to increase their income considerably. This evidence confirms that the maritime labour market was hierarchical, and that very often seafarers were poor labourers facing economic insecurity of many kinds. However, it refines the previous interpretation by emphasizing the presence of skilled workers even among the lower levels of this labour market, and by introducing a new dimension to mariners’ economic agency: they were not simply wage‐workers, but also independent participants in a venture economy.

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“…8; Scammell, ‘Manning’, pp. 144–8; Croft, ‘English mariners’; Scammell, ‘Merchant service master’; Blakemore, ‘Navigating culture’.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…235–6; Davis, English shipping industry , pp. 133–4; Croft, ‘English mariners’, p. 253; Rediker, Between the devil , pp. 118–19; Earle, Sailors , pp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pieces of eight, pieces of eight: seamen's earnings and the venture economy of early modern seafaring†

Blakemore

2017

The Economic History Review

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Ceramics and Commerce: The 1554 flota revisited

Skowronek

1987

Hist Arch

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European ceramics and the elusive “Cittie of Raleigh”

Skowronek

Walker

1993

Hist Arch

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English Mariners Trading to Spain and Portugal, 1558–1625

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Pieces of eight, pieces of eight: seamen's earnings and the venture economy of early modern seafaring†

Pieces of eight, pieces of eight: seamen's earnings and the venture economy of early modern seafaring†

Ceramics and Commerce: The 1554 flota revisited

European ceramics and the elusive “Cittie of Raleigh”

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