English education has been officially incorporated into elementary-level education in Taiwan since 2001, with the key objective of reinforcing pupils' oral communication in class. Although oral interaction involves a degree of listening input from interlocutors, listening has unfortunately remained a marginalized area in Taiwanese elementary education. Little is known about how to improve young learners' listening comprehension and listening skills in Taiwanese contexts. The present study was carried out with 52 11-year-old elementary school pupils in Taiwan. An English course was designed to integrate pupils' listening skills into a content-based course with a series of tourism-related topics. The results showed that the teaching of listening skills could be integrated into the content-based course and certain listening skills were greatly improved. Also, the study has implications for designing a topic-based course for teaching and testing listening skills, as well as for developing listening and speaking abilities in young EFL learners.
INTRODUCTIONIn Taiwan, English education was first officially introduced to elementary schools in 2001, starting with grade 5 (11-year-old) pupils, and has been extended down to grade 3 (8-year-old) since 2005. According to Chen and Tsai's (2012) review, English teaching in Taiwanese elementary education has three main characteristics: (1) a decentralized policy in which individual schools can decide the allocation of teaching resources and the selection of teaching materials, (2) an emphasis on the development of pupils' oral proficiency over reading and writing skills, and (3) a teaching goal of developing basic communicative skills in English and promoting understanding of foreign cultures. They noted, however, that although communicative skills were indeed emphasized in English education at elementary school level, listening skills in particular tended to be marginalized.Beall, Gill-Rosier, Tate, and Matten (2008), in their study on listening education in the United States, conclude that listening instruction and research into listening are quite rare in elementary and high schools.