Engineering the MoS₂/MXene Heterostructure for Precise and Noninvasive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer with Clinical Specimens

Abstract

High-throughput metabolic fingerprinting has been deemed one of the most promising strategies for addressing the high false positive rate of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gray zone. However, the current metabolic fingerprinting remains challenging in achieving high-precision metabolite detection in complex biological samples (e.g., serum and urine). Herein, a novel self-assembly MoS 2 /MXene heterostructure nanocomposite with a tailored doping ratio of 10% is presented as a matrix for laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry analysis in clinical biosamples. Notably, owing to the two-dimensional architecture and doping effect, MoS 2 /MXene demonstrates favorable laser desorption ionization performance with low adsorption energy, which is evidenced by efficient urinary metabolic fingerprinting with an enhanced area under curve (AUC) diagnosis capability of 0.959 relative to that of serum metabolic fingerprinting (AUC = 0.902) for the diagnosis of PCa in the PSA gray zone. Thus, this MoS 2 /MXene heterostructure is anticipated to offer a novel strategy to precisely and noninvasively diagnose PCa in the PSA gray zone.

Review of Metal Sulfide-Based MXene Nanocomposites for Environmental Applications, Gas Sensing, Energy Storage, and Photothermal Therapy

“…Additionally, the use of this technique in complex samples is troublesome. In one study, Xie et al 215 attempted fabrications of MoS 2 /MXene heterostructure nanocomposites as the laser desorption/ ionization (LDI) matrix for serum/urinary metabolic fingerprinting of PCa (Figure 22). The researchers stated that their utilization of self-assembly MoS 2 /MXene nanocomposites through the employment of a hydrothermal reaction strategy offered a hopeful instrument for the precise and noninvasive identification of PCa in the PSA gray zone.…”

“…(d) Methods for achieving an accurate and noninvasive diagnosis of PCa. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 John Wiley and Sons.…”

Challenges and advances for glioma therapy based on inorganic nanoparticles

“…As proliferating gliomas have unclear boundaries, clear imaging techniques are extremely important. Many inorganic nanomaterials can be constructed by doping and other methods to achieve multimodal imaging ability, which can improve diagnostic accuracy, identification of glioma margins and surgical resection [ 278 ]. Also, targeting efficiency can be improved by connecting different active targeting groups.…”

Blood metabolites mediate the causal relationship between circulating CX3CL1 levels and prostate cancer: A 2-step Mendelian randomization study

“…[ 10 ] Recently, improved materials have increased the accuracy of metabolic urinary and serum profiling for early PCa screening, especially in patients who are negative for circulating prostate-specific antigens (PSAs). [ 11 ] Another study utilized prostate fluid to identify 6 metabolites to construct a model that provided good predictions for patients with high Gleason scores. [ 12 ] CX3CL1 can affect the metabolism of the body through a variety of pathways, such as regulating inflammation and inflammatory cells.…”