Engineering synergistic effects of immobilized cooperative catalysts

Recent advances in mixing-induced nanoprecipitation: from creating complex nanostructures to emerging applications beyond biomedicine

“…From both economic and environmental points of view, it is of paramount importance to immobilize multifunctional homogeneous catalysts, enabling more easier separation and recycling of catalysts after the completion of reactions. 119,120 Conventional immobilization of functional groups onto various supports usually results in poor cooperativity, leading to inferior catalytic performance. To narrow the gap, several approaches have been developed to arrange the spatial distributions of functional groups.…”

Low-Temperature N-Allylation of Allylic Alcohols via Synergistic Pd/Cu Catalysis: A Silica-Supported Dual-Metal-Complex Strategy

“…The accumulation of multiple functionalities in restricted spaces enables highly efficient catalysis via concerted activation. − Supported catalysts have significant advantages in terms of not only recyclability but also surface multifunctionality for enhanced catalysis. − Figure summarizes a series of bifunctional catalytic surfaces prepared through the modification of silica. We and the groups of Kubota, Katz, and Jones have demonstrated a concerted mechanism of supported amines and surface silanol groups for several C–C bond-forming reactions, such as aldol and nitroaldol reactions (Figure i). − The combination of metal complexes and basic organic functionalities on the same surface is a unique strategy for accelerating a variety of metal-catalyzed reactions (Figure ii). − Additionally, the concerted effect of a supported metal complex and surface silanol groups with weak acidity is useful for C–O and C–H bond activation (Figure iii). , For example, we have reported that a catalyst consisting of a Pd complex immobilized on mesoporous silica is active in the Tsuji–Trost reaction using allyl alcohol. ,, The silanol groups on the silica surface promote the elimination of the hydroxyl group of allyl alcohol by hydrogen bonding, resulting in the highly efficient allylation of active methylene compounds as nucleophiles. , …”

Preparation of functionalizable poly(propylene–styrene)/polyacrylonitrile millimeter‐scale particles with core‐shell morphology

“…In some situations, the core and shell may be composed of the same material, but with different properties. 1,2 This type of structure has attracted broad interest from the scientific community, as these particles can find applications in several areas, such as support for heterogeneous catalysts (including enzyme immobilization, e.g.,), 1,3 carriers for targeted drug delivery, 4 solid substrates for bioadsorption and biocatalysis, 5 and vehicles for high energy storage, 6 among others.…”