Engineering spin-wave channels in submicrometer magnonic waveguides

Xing, Xiangjun; Li, ShuWei; Wang, Zhenguo

doi:10.1063/1.4799738

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The parameter w* denotes the effective waveguide width1920 for all the modes, ω the excitation frequency, k n x the longitudinal wave number of the n th -order mode, φ n the excitation phase, and C n the relative excitation efficiency. As reflected in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do spin waves pass through a bend?

Xing

et al. 2013

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Spin-wave devices hold great promise to be used in future information processing. Manipulation of spin-wave propagation inside the submicrometer waveguides is at the core of promoting the practical application of these devices. Just as in today's silicon-based chips, bending of the building blocks cannot be avoided in real spin-wave circuits. Here, we examine spin-wave transport in bended magnonic waveguides at the submicron scale using micromagnetic simulations. It is seen that the impact of the bend is relevant to the frequency of the passing spin wave. At the lowest frequencies, the spin wave continuously follows the waveguide in the propagation process. At the higher frequencies, however the bend acts as a mode converter for the passing spin wave, causing zigzag-like propagation path formed in the waveguide behind the bend. Additionally, we demonstrate a logic-NOT gate based on such a waveguide, which could be combined to perform logic-NAND operation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…logical 1. At 10 GHz, the spin-wave beams ramified into the double branches retain a phase difference of ~π, causing destructive interference20 of these spin waves in the collection strip and giving low amplitude, i.e. logical 0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do spin waves pass through a bend?

Xing

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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“…However, we note that the anisotropy of the magnetostatic spin-wave dispersion is only present at micrometer to millimeter length scales, impeding miniaturization of any magnonic devices that would exploit this effect. Yet, the nonuniformity of the internal magnetic field and the magnetization persists to much shorter length scales and could still lead to useful device concepts [10][11][12][13]46]. Moreover, on the nanometer length scales, the nonuniform exchange field (completely neglected here) becomes more important and could therefore be exploited [14,47,48], while additional opportunities arise from the use of the highly localized magnetic field due to magnetic domain walls [49,50].…”

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Towards graded-index magnonics: Steering spin waves in magnonic networks

et al. 2015

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Magnonics explores precessional excitations of ordered spins in magnetic materials-so-called spin wavesand their use as information and signal carriers within networks of magnonic waveguides. Here, we demonstrate that the nonuniformity of the internal magnetic field and magnetization inherent to magnetic structures creates a medium of graded refractive index for propagating magnetostatic waves and can be used to steer their propagation. The character of the nonuniformity can be tuned and potentially programmed using the applied magnetic field, which opens exciting prospects for the field of graded-index magnonics. Over the past decade, magnonics (the study of spin waves-precessional excitations of ordered spins in magnetic materials [1]) has emerged as one of the most rapidly growing research fields in magnetism [2,3]. Moreover, recent advances in the understanding of fundamental properties of spin waves in magnetic micro-and nanostructures have highlighted magnonics as a potential rival of or complement to semiconductor technology in the field of data communication and processing [4]. The push for miniaturization renders ferromagnetic transition metals and their alloys to be materials of choice for the fabrication of spin-wave devices [5,6]. However, loss reduction, the shortening of the wavelength of studied spin waves, and the associated miniaturization of the implemented magnonic concepts and devices remain major challenges in both experimental research and technological development in magnonics [2,3].In this Rapid Communication, we explore an approach to meet these challenges that is based on the concept of gradedindex (or gradient-index) optics [7]. As applied to spin waves, this concept is based on the following basic ideas. First, the propagation of spin waves is controlled using subwavelength, often continuously varying, magnetic nonuniformities [8,9]. This should minimize scaling of the device size with the magnonic wavelength, in contrast to, e.g., magnonic crystal based approaches [3], and thereby ease the associated patterning resolution requirements. Indeed, nonuniform effective magnetic field and magnetization configurations have been shown to confine [10,11] and channel [12][13][14][15] spin waves, to continuously modify their character [16][17][18], and to enable their coupling to essentially uniform free space microwaves [19,20]. Here, we go further by exploiting in addition the anisotropic dispersion inherent to spin waves dominated by the dynamic magneto-dipole field-so-called magnetostatic spin waves [1]. The symmetry axis of the anisotropic magnetostatic dispersion coincides with the direction of the magnetization [21][22][23]. This anisotropic dispersion leads to the formation of nondiffracting caustic spin-wave beams * Corresponding author: v.v.kruglyak@exeter.ac.uk [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and to anomalous spin-wave reflection, refraction, and diffraction [31][32][33][34][35]. Here, we explore these ideas in networks of magnonic waveguides [6,8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]24,...

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“…8,9 It has been suggested that the E-SWs are capable of providing new functionalities to spintronic and magnonic devices. These features include an easy modulation of SW spectra by mechanical structuring of the boundaries of the waveguide, 6 unidirectional SW propagation, easily channelization, twisting, splitting, and manipulation, in a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane. 8,9 Spin waves have recently been reported to propagate along the long strip edges with inhomogeneous magnetization 10 when excited by a perpendicular extended antenna.…”

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“…Magnetic stripes with spin waves travelling inside are currently basic elements of magnonic waveguides. 3,4 Very recent studies predict however the possibility of excitation and propagation of a different kind of SW modes, so called edge spin waves (E-SWs) in individual twodimensional magnetic structures 6,7 and extended magnonic crystals. 8,9 It has been suggested that the E-SWs are capable of providing new functionalities to spintronic and magnonic devices.…”

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Observation of propagating edge spin waves modes

Lara

Metlushko

Aliev

2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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Broadband magnetization response of equilateral triangular 1000 nm Permalloy dots has been studied under an in-plane magnetic field, applied parallel (buckle state), and perpendicular (Y state) to the triangles base. Micromagnetic simulations identify edge spin waves (E-SWs) in the buckle state as SWs propagating along the two adjacent edges. These quasi one-dimensional spin waves emitted by the vertex magnetic charges gradually transform from propagating to standing due to interference and are weakly affected by dipolar interdot interaction and variation of the aspect ratio. The possibility to excite and manipulate spin waves (SWs) by magnetic fields or electric currents has opened perspectives for their implementation in communication and information processing and storage technologies. [1][2][3][4] Engineering of propagating of standing SWs in magnetic elements, as well as SW excitation and propagation in long strips or other two dimensional magnetic structures, [3][4][5] has been a subject of recent intensive applied and fundamental research. Magnetic stripes with spin waves travelling inside are currently basic elements of magnonic waveguides. 3,4Very recent studies predict however the possibility of excitation and propagation of a different kind of SW modes, so called edge spin waves (E-SWs) in individual twodimensional magnetic structures 6,7 and extended magnonic crystals. 8,9 It has been suggested that the E-SWs are capable of providing new functionalities to spintronic and magnonic devices. These features include an easy modulation of SW spectra by mechanical structuring of the boundaries of the waveguide, 6 unidirectional SW propagation, easily channelization, twisting, splitting, and manipulation, in a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane. 8,9 Spin waves have recently been reported to propagate along the long strip edges with inhomogeneous magnetization 10 when excited by a perpendicular extended antenna. However, these spin waves were found to spread over the strip at high frequencies transforming into two-dimensional and losing therefore the edge character.10 Observations of the E-SWs truly linked with the magnetically inhomogeneous edge states remain unclear.Here, we present experimental evidence of excitation and detection of quasi one-dimensional edge SWs emitted by the vertex magnetic charges of magnetic triangular dots. We observed that the edge SWs gradually transform from propagating to standing due to interference and are weakly affected by the variation of the dot aspect ratio. In order to effectively excite the spin waves locally, one needs either to apply a strongly nonhomogenous local microwave field (which, for example, could be tailored by a spin torque oscillator or small antenna [11][12][13][14] ) or by a quasi homogeneous microwave field interacting with nohomogeneous local magnetization. 15 In our triangular dots, the vertices are natural sources of strong local magnetic charges. The application of an in-plane magnetic field parallel to the triangles base, resulting in the bu...

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Engineering spin-wave channels in submicrometer magnonic waveguides

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

How do spin waves pass through a bend?

How do spin waves pass through a bend?

Towards graded-index magnonics: Steering spin waves in magnonic networks

Observation of propagating edge spin waves modes

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