Engineering principles applied to implantable otologic devices

Ko, Wen H.; Zhu, Wei-Lin; Kane, Michael J.; Maniglia, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70333-9

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Figure 6 shows current model predicted stapes displacements for different types of the electromagnetic transducers. The result shows that, when the transducer attached to the incus long process (i.e., for FMT), the force required to stimulate the vibration of ossicles to the equivalent of 100 dB SPL is about 89 N. This result is consistent with Ko et al 's former report [31]. For EDT, that is, the transducer attached to the umbo, the required driving force decreased to 60 N. On the contrary, when the transducer attached to the incus body (i.e., for IBDT), the required driving force for the transducer increased to 200 N. Therefore, compensating a similar level of hearing loss, the IBDT requires the biggest driving force, while EDT requires the smallest one.…”

Section: Effects Of the Transducer Type On The Mei Performancesupporting

confidence: 90%

Transducer Type and Design Influence on the Hearing Loss Compensation Behaviour of the Electromagnetic Middle Ear Implant in a Finite Element Analysis

Liu

Yang

et al. 2014

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Several types of electromagnetic transducer for the middle ear implants (MEIs) have been developed as an alternative to conventional hearing aids for the rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing loss. Electromagnetic transducer type and design are thought to have a significant influence on their hearing compensation performance. To investigate these effects, a middle ear computational model was constructed based on a complete set of microcomputerized tomography section images of a human ear. Its validity was confirmed by comparing the model predicted motions with published experimental measurements. The result shows that the eardrum driving transducer (EDT) is superior to the floating mass transducer (FMT) in hearing compensation when the transducer mass is small but inferior to the FMT when the mass gets bigger. The incus body driving transducer (IBDT) is the most ineffective type of transducer for hearing compensation. Moreover, the masses of the EDT and the FMT decrease the transducer performance mainly at higher frequencies: the greater the transducer mass, the lower the displacement of the stapes excited by these transducers. On the other hand, the IBDT driving rod stiffness decreases transducer's performance severely at low frequencies and its adverse effect on transducer performance increases with the decrease of the stiffness of the IBDT driving rod.

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Section: Effects Of the Transducer Type On The Mei Performancesupporting

confidence: 90%

Transducer Type and Design Influence on the Hearing Loss Compensation Behaviour of the Electromagnetic Middle Ear Implant in a Finite Element Analysis

Liu

Yang

et al. 2014

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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“…The geometry of a transducer affects frequency-response characteristics. Mechanically, the length and mass of a transducer determine its resonance frequency in such way that a short transducer would have a higher resonance frequency than a longer transducer of similar mass [13][14][15] . Conversely, the longer the transducer for a given mass, the more force it generates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Fidelity of a Novel Piezoelectric Middle Ear Transducer

Chi¹,

Wu²,

Yan³

et al. 2009

ORL

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Objective: A novel implantable piezoelectric transducer has been developed in this laboratory. The transfer functions of the transducer were assessed in anesthetized acutely implanted cats, and were compared with the microphone of a cochlear implant’s speech processor. Methods: The piezoelectric transducer was fixed to the head of the malleus of the cat. Pure tone signals of 97 dB SPL ranging from 250 to 8,000 Hz delivered from a loudspeaker placed beside the auricle of the cat were used to vibrate the tympanic membrane. The frequency response of the transducer was measured by monitoring the output signal of the transducer with an oscilloscope. The transfer functions of the transducer were then compared with the standard external microphone receiving the same tonal stimulus. Results: The average sensitivity of the implantable piezoelectric transducer was –38.7 dB re 1 V/Pa at 1,000 Hz. The frequency-response curve of the transducer mirrored that of the external microphone, even with high-frequency stimuli. Conclusion: The implantable piezoelectric transducer developed in this laboratory transmits tonal stimuli with high fidelity.

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“…Therefore, the vibrator that is implanted in an incus in the middle ear cavity is designed to consider the amplified displacement of the sound pressure. The stapes displacement of 100 nm is enough for the transducer to be used in current IMEHDs [7] and the frequency response characteristics of the incus are similar to that of the stapes [3]. From the Eq.…”

Section: Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the electromagnetic vibrators that have been developed for IMEHDs [7][8][9][10][11], the Vibrant Soundbridge (MED-EL Corporation) is the only device obtained the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. The floating mass transducer (FMT) of their IMEHDs is an electromagnetic transducer attached with a titanium clamp to the incus long process through a facial recess approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of piezoelectric multi-layered actuator to floating mass transducer for implantable middle ear hearing devices

Hong¹,

Park

Seong

et al. 2008

J Electroceram

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Implantable middle ear hearing devices (IMEHDs), which have been developed since the 1970s, directly stimulate the middle ear and can realize a high efficiency of sound transmission with better sound fidelity. For such kinds of IMEHDs, this paper presents the design and application of a piezoelectric floating mass transducer (PFMT) using a PMN-PT multi-layered actuator as a new type of vibrating transducer. The proposed PFMT consists of only three components of a multi-layered piezoelectric actuator, a metal case, and a clamping clip. The actuator's one side is connected with the metal case and the other side is linked to the clamp for the attachment to an incus long process of middle ear ossicles. The vibration displacement of the PFMT attached to the incus is studied theoretically by simplified kinetic model between the PFMT and the incus. Through an in-vitro experiment using a human temporal bone, it has been verified that the proposed PFMT can generate the vibration force equivalent to the sound pressure of about 100 dB SPL. Therefore, the proposed PFMT is expected to be used as an IMEHD transducer with the advantages such as simple surgical implantation, no interference from external electromagnetic fields, and improved productivity.

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Engineering principles applied to implantable otologic devices

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Transducer Type and Design Influence on the Hearing Loss Compensation Behaviour of the Electromagnetic Middle Ear Implant in a Finite Element Analysis

Transducer Type and Design Influence on the Hearing Loss Compensation Behaviour of the Electromagnetic Middle Ear Implant in a Finite Element Analysis

Sensitivity and Fidelity of a Novel Piezoelectric Middle Ear Transducer

Application of piezoelectric multi-layered actuator to floating mass transducer for implantable middle ear hearing devices

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