Engineering plants with carbon nanotubes: a sustainable agriculture approach

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture is an important conception to meet the growing food demand of the global population. The increased need for adequate and safe food, as well as the ongoing ecological destruction associated with conventional agriculture practices are key global challenges. Nanomaterials are being developed in the agriculture sector to improve the growth and protection of crops. Among the various engineered nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials owing to their attractive physiochemical properties such as small size, high surface area, and superior mechanical and thermal strength, offering better opportunities for agriculture sector applications. This review provides basic information about CNTs, including their history; classification; and electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, with a focus on their applications in the agriculture field. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the uptake and translocation of CNTs in plants and their defense mechanisms against environmental stresses are discussed. Finally, the major shortcomings, threats, and challenges of CNTs are assessed to provide a broad and clear view of the potential and future directions for CNT-based agriculture applications to achieve the goal of sustainability.

Bacillus thuringiensis AND Micromonospora echinospora IN Lactuca sativa OPTIMIZE NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER WITH A CRUDE EXTRACT OF CARBON NANOPARTICLES

“…shows the seedling phenology of L. sativa with B thuringiensis and M. echinospora with 50% NH 4 NO 3 10 ppm CENC with 10.98 cm of PH and 3.23 cm of RL, both numerical values with statistical difference with the 9.74 cm of PH and 2.71 cm of RL of L. sativa with M. echinospora and 10 ppm of CENC at 50% of NH 4 NO 3 ; with the 9.51 cm of PH and the 2.48 cm of RL of L. sativa with M. echinospora and 10 ppm of ECNC at 50% of NH 4 NO 3 ; The results support that B. thuringiensis and M. echinospora converted organic compounds from metabolism in the roots into phytohormons, improved uptake and optimization of NH 4 NO 3 at dense radical system optimized NIFE to 50%(Safdar et al, 2022). In comparation with the 9.37 cm of PH and the 2.07 cm of RL of L. sativa without B. thuringiensis /M.…”

Seed Priming with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grafted with Pluronic P85 Preserves the Functional and Structural Characteristics of Pea Plants

“…The fact that P85-SWCNT do not affect seed characteristics but do affect photosynthetic parameters of developed plants strongly suggests that they penetrate the seed without affecting its metabolism and translocate to the photosynthetic organelles where they exert their action. Indeed, numerous authors state that CNT can travel through phloem and xylem and accumulate in different plant organs/organelles, including the chloroplast [4]. The mechanism by which CNT interact with seeds and plant tissues is still unclear; however, two possibilities are proposed-perforation of membranes (i.e., pores formation) and transport via aquaporins [11].…”

“…A number of seed coating and priming techniques are being investigated and exploited to achieve beneficial effects, including recent advancements in agronanotechnology. The exploration of nano-sized agrochemicals for seed treatment is extensively reviewed in [2][3][4][5]. Both positive (plant growth enhancement, environmental safety, improved plant stress resistance) and negative (toxicity, environmental pollution) effects of carbon-based nanopesticides are thoroughly discussed in [5].…”

“…Despite some clues on the effects of nanoparticles, in particular multi-(MWCNT) and single-(SWCNT) walled carbon nanotubes, on plant growth (reviewed in [4,6]), this emerging topic remains largely unexplored. Both MWSCNT and SWCNT are shown to exert positive or negative effects on plants' physiological states depending on their characteristics (size, surface functionalization, charge, concentration), type of application, plant species, and growth conditions.…”

Nanosensor Applications in Plant Science

“…A number of reviews have been published on the application of nanosensors in the plant sciences. Unlike this review, they are generally focused on the specific applications of nanotechnology, e.g., to agriculture [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] or plant pathogen detection [ 22 , 23 ], specific areas, e.g., in planta nanosensors [ 24 ], or more specific forms of nanomaterial, e.g., carbon nanotubes [ 25 ]. This review focuses on nanosensors and their applications in living plants, plant cells, plant tissues, and plant organelles.…”