Engineering of Liposome Structure to Enhance Physicochemical Properties of Spirulina plantensis Protein Hydrolysate: Stability during Spray-Drying

Abstract

Encapsulating hydrolysates in liposomes can be an effective way to improve their stability and bioactivity. In this study, Spirulina hydrolysate was successfully encapsulated into nanoliposomes composed of different stabilizers (cholesterol or γ-oryzanol), and the synthesized liposomes were finally coated with chitosan biopolymer. The synthesized formulations were fully characterized and their antioxidant activity evaluated using different methods. Then, stabilization of coated nanoliposomes (chitosomes) by spray-drying within the maltodextrin matrix was investigated. A small mean diameter and homogeneous size distribution with high encapsulation efficiency were found in all the formulations, while liposomes stabilized with γ-oryzanol and coated with chitosan showed the highest physical stability over time and preserved approximately 90% of their initial antioxidant capacity. Spray-dried powder could preserve all characteristics of peptide-loaded chitosomes. Thus, spray-dried hydrolysate-containing chitosomes could be considered as a functional food ingredient for the human diet.

Liposome System for Encapsulation of Spirulina platensis Protein Hydrolysates: Controlled-Release in Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions, Structural and Functional Properties

“…Following the addition of the chitosan, the particle size of nanoliposomes increased and the zeta potential changed from negative to positive values, demonstrating that cationic chitosan successfully coated the liposomes. These results are in agreement with those of Mohammadi et al [ 40 ], who found that covering of liposomes containing protein hydrolysate from Spirulina plantensis with chitosan cationic polymer by electrostatic interaction increased the particle size of liposomes and the coated liposomes represent a positive charge.…”

Design and applications of liposome-in-gel as carriers for cancer therapy

“…However, Mohammadi et al. ( 2021 ) found that the addition of cholesterol into liposomes might result in the replacement of empty spaces with hydrophilic drugs. With further in-depth studies on hydrogels, their advantages regarding compatibility with liposomes have been discovered ( Tabandeh & Mortazavi, 2013 ).…”

Effect of hydroxytyrosol, Moringa, and spirulina on the physicochemical properties and nutritional characteristics of gluten‐free brownies

“…To achieve this objective, natural extracts of Moringa oleifera, hydroxytyrosol, and spirulina were characterized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Encapsulation method was developed according to Mohammadi et al, 2021 with some modifications. For that, 15 g of spirulina powder were homogenized in a solution of Maltodextrin: Arabic gum (60:40).…”