Engineering innovations in medicine and biology: Revolutionizing patient care through mechanical solutions

Gazo Hanna, Eddie; Younes, Khaled; Roufayel, Rabih; Khazaal, Mickael; Fajloun, Ziad

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26154

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 152 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in medicine and pharmacy due to their ability to effectively bypass biological defense systems and circulatory barriers. The applications encompass drug and gene delivery ( 2 ), growth and differentiation factor delivery in regenerative medicine ( 3 ), vaccination ( 4 ), fluorescent biological labelling ( 5 ), detection of proteins and pathogens, probing the DNA structure ( 6 ), separation and purification of biological molecules and cells ( 7 ), contrast agents in imaging, and phagokinetic studies ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status, challenges and prospects of antifouling materials for oncology applications

Zhang,

Sun

2024

Front. Oncol.

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Targeted therapy has become crucial to modern translational science, offering a remedy to conventional drug delivery challenges. Conventional drug delivery systems encountered challenges related to solubility, prolonged release, and inadequate drug penetration at the target region, such as a tumor. Several formulations, such as liposomes, polymers, and dendrimers, have been successful in advancing to clinical trials with the goal of improving the drug’s pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Various stealth coatings, including hydrophilic polymers such as PEG, chitosan, and polyacrylamides, can form a protective layer over nanoparticles, preventing aggregation, opsonization, and immune system detection. As a result, they are classified under the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) category. Serum, a biological sample, has a complex composition. Non-specific adsorption of chemicals onto an electrode can lead to fouling, impacting the sensitivity and accuracy of focused diagnostics and therapies. Various anti-fouling materials and procedures have been developed to minimize the impact of fouling on specific diagnoses and therapies, leading to significant advancements in recent decades. This study provides a detailed analysis of current methodologies using surface modifications that leverage the antifouling properties of polymers, peptides, proteins, and cell membranes for advanced targeted diagnostics and therapy in cancer treatment. In conclusion, we examine the significant obstacles encountered by present technologies and the possible avenues for future study and development.

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