The
combined catalysis of glucose isomerase (GI), d-psicose
3-epimerase (DPEase), ribitol dehydrogenase (RDH), and formate dehydrogenase
(FDH) provides a convenient route for the biosynthesis of allitol
from d-glucose; however, the low catalytic efficiency restricts
its industrial applications. Here, the supplementation of 0.32 g/L
NAD+ significantly promoted the cell catalytic activity
by 1.18-fold, suggesting that the insufficient intracellular NAD(H)
content was a limiting factor in allitol production. Glucose dehydrogenase
(GDH) with 18.13-fold higher activity than FDH was used for reconstructing
a cofactor self-sufficient system, which was combined with the overexpression
of the rate-limiting genes involved in NAD+ salvage metabolic
flow to expand the available intracellular NAD(H) pool. Then, the
multienzyme self-assembly system with SpyTag and SpyCatcher effectively
channeled intermediates, leading to an 81.1% increase in allitol titer
to 15.03 g/L from 25 g/L d-glucose. This study provided a
facilitated strategy for large-scale and efficient biosynthesis of
allitol from a low-cost substrate.