Engineering Gold Nanostructures for Cancer Treatment: Spherical Nanoparticles, Nanorods, and Atomically Precise Nanoclusters

Wang, He; Ma, Guanyu; Shen, Quanli; Tang, Zhenghua

doi:10.3390/nano12101738

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…This occurs through the aforementioned LSPR phenomenon, specifically for spherical nanoparticles and nanorods, which are easier to convert into biosensors, and the biological reaction between the analyte and the biorecognition element causes reactions that change the refractive index close to the surface of the nanoparticle activating SPR property producing electric signals which can be used to visualize the particles. This same concept also gives rise to the newer technique of photothermal therapy (PTT) [24].…”

Section: Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostics

Kulkarni¹,

Kumar²,

Acharya³

2022

Cureus

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Conventional treatment for cancer is done by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or surgery, which work by inhibiting the growth of the rapidly dividing neoplastic cells and excision of the neoplastic tissue, respectively. These methods affect the healthy tissues along with the diseased ones, as chemotherapeutic agents often cause toxicity in the body and a variety of unfavorable side effects, which can highly impair bodily functions. Otherwise, while operating, there is the danger of some cancerous cells not being excised or unnecessary additional removal of healthy tissues, again causing the patient to lose some functionality of their body. The emerging field of nanotechnology helps to revolutionize imaging and therapeutic management in cancer. The use of metallic nanoparticles, especially those derived from an inert metal like gold, which has a great list of advantages such as high biocompatibility, non-toxicity, easy synthesis, and effective functionality, makes this innovative technology crucial for further propagation of this field. These nanoparticles have a dual function, i.e., helping in precise fluorescent bioimaging and drug delivery of potent medication to specific tissue sites without affecting the general area highly in a negative fashion. Thus, integrating these methods into current clinical practice would advance our methods for diagnostics as well as treatment while decreasing the stress on the patient, overall elevating medical practices.

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Section: Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostics

Kulkarni¹,

Kumar²,

Acharya³

2022

Cureus

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“…Nevertheless, different nanoparticle shapes, such as gold nanorods, may present unique advantages and applications. The geometry of nanoparticles plays a crucial role in determining their behavior in both physical and biological contexts, influencing factors such as blood circulation time and cellular uptake (He et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation study on the radiosensitization properties of gold nanorods

Taheri,

Khandaker,

Moradi

et al. 2024

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Objective: Gold nanorods (GNRs) have emerged as versatile nanoparticles with unique properties, holding promise in various modalities of cancer treatment through drug delivery and photothermal therapy. In the rapidly evolving field of nanoparticle radiosensitization (NPRS) for cancer therapy, this study assessed the potential of gold nanorods as radiosensitizing agents by quantifying the key features of NPRS, such as secondary electron emission and dose enhancement, using Monte Carlo simulations.Approach: Employing the TOPAS track structure code, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the radiosensitization behavior of spherical gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods. We systematically explored the impact of nanorod geometry (in particular size and aspect ratio) and orientation on secondary electron emission and deposited energy ratio, providing validated results against previously published simulations.Main Results: Our findings demonstrate that gold nanorods exhibit comparable secondary electron emission to their spherical counterparts. Notably, nanorods with smaller surface-area-to-volume ratios (SA:V) and alignment with the incident photon beam proved to be more efficient radiosensitizing agents, showing superiority in emitted electron fluence. However, in the microscale, the deposited energy ratio (DER) was not markedly influenced by the SA:V of the nanorod. Additionally, our findings revealed that the geometry of gold nanoparticles has a more significant impact on the emission of M-shell Auger electrons (with energies below 3.5 keV) than on higher-energy electrons.Significance: This research investigated the radiosensitization properties of gold nanorods, positioning them as promising alternatives to the more conventionally studied spherical gold nanoparticles in the context of cancer research. With increasing interest in multimodal cancer therapy, our findings have the potential to contribute valuable insights into the perspective of gold nanorods as effective multipurpose agents for synergistic photothermal therapy and radiotherapy. Future directions may involve exploring alternative metallic nanorods as well as further optimizing the geometry and coating materials, opening new possibilities for more effective cancer treatments.

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“…Gold nanorods (GNRs) possess unique optical properties, such as tunable surface plasmon resonance and intense photothermal effects [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], enabling GNRs to be promising inorganic materials in biomedical applications including bioimaging [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], photothermal therapy [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], and drug delivery [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. To improve the stability and biocompatibility of GNRs without affecting their surface reaction, researchers coated GNRs with silica for their high light transmittance [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning Predicting Optimal Preparation of Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods for Photothermal Tumor Ablation

et al. 2023

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Gold nanorods (GNRs) coated with silica shells are excellent photothermal agents with high surface functionality and biocompatibility. Understanding the correlation of the coating process with both structure and property of silica-coated GNRs is crucial to their optimizing preparation and performance, as well as tailoring potential applications. Herein, we report a machine learning (ML) prediction of coating silica on GNR with various preparation parameters. A total of 306 sets of silica-coated GNRs altogether were prepared via a sol–gel method, and their structures were characterized to extract a dataset available for eight ML algorithms. Among these algorithms, the eXtreme gradient boosting (XGboost) classification model affords the highest prediction accuracy of over 91%. The derived feature importance scores and relevant decision trees are employed to address the optimal process to prepare well-structured silica-coated GNRs. The high-throughput predictions have been adopted to identify optimal process parameters for the successful preparation of dumbbell-structured silica-coated GNRs, which possess a superior performance to a conventional cylindrical core–shell counterpart. The dumbbell silica-coated GNRs demonstrate an efficient enhanced photothermal performance in vivo and in vitro, validated by both experiments and time domain finite difference calculations. This study epitomizes the potential of ML algorithms combined with experiments in predicting, optimizing, and accelerating the preparation of core–shell inorganic materials and can be extended to other nanomaterial research.

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Engineering Gold Nanostructures for Cancer Treatment: Spherical Nanoparticles, Nanorods, and Atomically Precise Nanoclusters

Cited by 9 publications

References 104 publications

Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostics

Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostics

A simulation study on the radiosensitization properties of gold nanorods

Machine Learning Predicting Optimal Preparation of Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods for Photothermal Tumor Ablation

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