“…Japanese prefer to engage with other Japanese (Lazonick et al, 1997) because their homogeneous backgrounds facilitate creating consensus-valuing individuals who avoid confrontation (Dore, 2010), and this integrates a flexible and loyal company workforce (McCormick and McCormick, 1996). Acceptance of foreigners emerges at different stages; initially, there is special attention, like parties in their honour, that shows that this person is still an outsider; once someone is accepted as an employee, their treatment is on an equal basis and they can be criticised for making mistakes, for example (Lo, 2016).…”