Engineering Broad-Spectrum Bacterial Blight Resistance by Simultaneously Disrupting Variable TALE-Binding Elements of Multiple Susceptibility Genes in Rice

Xu, Zhi-Hong; Xu, Xiao; Gong, Qiang; Li, Ziyang; Li, Ying; Wang, Qianqian; Yang, Yangyang; Ma, Wenxiu; Liu, Longyu; Zhu, Bao‐Ku; Zou, Lifang; Chen, Gongyou

doi:10.1016/j.molp.2019.08.006

Cited by 225 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…virens , in addition to the leaf‐infecting bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xu et al ., ). Pathways associated with biotic stress, secondary metabolism and hormone metabolism were also consistently modulated in rice flowers infected with U .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens requires rice stamens for false smut ball formation

Fan

Liu

Gong

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Rice false smut has emerged as a serious grain disease in rice production worldwide. The disease is characterized by the transformation of individual rice florets into false smut balls, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens. To date, little is known about the host factors required for false smut ball formation by U. virens. In this study, we identified histological determinants for the formation of false smut balls by inoculating U. virens into rice floral mutants defective with respect to individual floral parts. The results showed that U. virens could form mature false smut balls in rice floral mutants with defective pistils, but failed to develop false smut balls in the superwoman mutant lacking stamens, identifying that U. virens requires rice stamens to complete its infection cycle. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated a list of candidate host genes that may facilitate nutrient acquisition by U. virens from the rice stamens, such as SWEET11, SWEET14 and SUT5, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of trehalose and raffinose family sugars. These data pinpoint rice stamens as the key target organ of U. virens infection and provide a valuable starting point for dissecting the molecular mechanism of false smut ball formation. Received

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens requires rice stamens for false smut ball formation

Fan

Liu

Gong

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The presence of highly repetitive sequences in tal genes complicates efforts to obtain their nucleotide sequence; therefore, we used a Tn5 insertion method as a sequencing strategy. This sequencing strategy for talgenes was also used by others previously [21,71]. Normally the number of repeats in tal genes varies between 1.5 and 33.5, and each repeat encodes 33-34 amino acids that vary only at positions 12 and 13 (RVDs) [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolation and cloning of tal genes from Xcm strain Xcc-V 2 -18 followed a previously described procedure [21,71,79,84] with minor modifications. Plasmid DNA and genomic DNA (50 μg) were isolated from Xcm, digested with BamHI, and separated on 1.2% agarose gels.…”

Section: Isolating Cloning and Sequencing Of Xss-v 2 -18 Tal Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18

et al. 2020

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Background: Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC), which is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), is a destructive disease in cotton. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), encoded by tal-genes, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of xanthomonads. Characterized strains of cotton pathogenic Xcm harbor 8-12 different tal genes and only one of them is functionally decoded. Further identification of novel tal genes in Xcm strains with virulence contributions are prerequisite to decipher the Xcm-cotton interactions. Results: In this study, we identified six tal genes in Xss-V 2 -18, a highly-virulent strain of Xcm from China, and assessed their role in BBC. RFLP-based Southern hybridization assays indicated that Xss-V 2 -18 harbors the six tal genes on a plasmid. The plasmid-encoded tal genes were isolated by cloning BamHI fragments and screening clones by colony hybridization. The tal genes were sequenced by inserting a Tn5 transposon in the DNA encoding the central repeat region (CRR) of each tal gene. Xcm TALome evolutionary relationship based on TALEs CRR revealed relatedness of Xss-V 2 -18 to MSCT1 and MS14003 from the United States. However, Tal2 of Xss-V 2 -18 differs at two repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) from Tal6 and Tal26 in MSCT1 and MS14003, respectively, inferred functional dissimilarity. The suicide vector pKMS1 was then used to construct tal deletion mutants in Xcm Xss-V 2 -18. The mutants were evaluated for pathogenicity in cotton based on symptomology and growth in planta. Four mutants showed attenuated virulence and all contained mutations in tal2. One tal2 mutant designated M2 was further investigated in complementation assays. When tal2 was introduced into Xcm M2 and expressed in trans, the mutant was complemented for both symptoms and growth in planta, thus indicating that tal2 functions as a virulence factor in Xcm Xss-V 2 -18. Conclusions:Overall, the results demonstrated that Tal2 is a major pathogenicity factor in Xcm strain Xss-V 2 -18 that contributes significantly in BBC. This study provides a foundation for future efforts aimed at identifying susceptibility genes in cotton that are targeted by Tal2.

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“…Further studies showed that OsSWEET13 as the disease-susceptibility gene is directly targeted by PthXo2. In a very recent study, two types of PthXo2-like TALEs were found to bind with different EBE sequences in the OsSWEET13 promoter and activate its expression (Xu et al 2019).…”

Section: Sugar Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter (Sweet) Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the promoter of Xa13 (OsSWEET11) was targeted by CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption, leading to enhanced resistance without affecting rice fertility (Li et al 2019). In a very recent study, EBEs in the promoters of OsSWEET11, OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET14 were edited simultaneously by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and rice lines conferring broad-spectrum resistance to Xoo were created (Xu et al 2019). In another study, six EBEs corresponding three TALEs from Xoo and three from Xoc, were added to the Xa27 promoter, resulting in broad-spectrum resistance to both Xoo and Xoc (Hummel et al 2012).…”

Section: Breeding Strategies To Develop Broad-spectrum and Durable Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Genes and their Interactions with Bacterial Blight/Leaf Streak Pathogens (Xanthomonas oryzae) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)—an Updated Review

Jiang

Yan

Liang

et al. 2020

Rice

173

120

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop, feeding more than 50% of the world's population. Diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens constantly threaten the rice production and lead to enormous yield losses. Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused respectively by gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), are two important diseases affecting rice production worldwide. Due to the economic importance, extensive genetic and genomic studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rice response to Xoo and Xoc in the last two decades. A series of resistance (R) genes and their cognate avirulence and virulence effector genes have been characterized. Here, we summarize the recent advances in studies on interactions between rice and the two pathogens through these R genes or their products and effectors. Breeding strategies to develop varieties with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae based on the published studies are also discussed.

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Engineering Broad-Spectrum Bacterial Blight Resistance by Simultaneously Disrupting Variable TALE-Binding Elements of Multiple Susceptibility Genes in Rice

Cited by 225 publications

References 69 publications

The false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens requires rice stamens for false smut ball formation

The false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens requires rice stamens for false smut ball formation

Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18

Resistance Genes and their Interactions with Bacterial Blight/Leaf Streak Pathogens (Xanthomonas oryzae) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)—an Updated Review

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