Engineering bistetrazoles: (E)-5,5′-(ethene-1,2-diyl)bis(1H-tetrazol-1-ol) as a new planar high-energy-density material

Abstract

Energetic properties of bistetrazole derivatives are improved by the step-by-step introduction of functionalities which improve heat of formation, density, and oxygen content. The incorporation of unsaturation between bis(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) and bis(1H-tetrazol-1-ol)...

Combination of N‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole for the synthesis of high performing explosives

“…Among them, high nitrogen content provided by N-amino functionalized 1,2,4-triazole could further enhance energetic performance [29,30]. On the other hand, boosting thermal stability via alkyl bridging has been investigated on various energetic moieties [31][32][33][34][35]. In 2015, Shreeve and coworkers synthesized a series of 1,2,4-triazole-linked polynitropyrazole-based energetic materials with high nitrogen content, good Prachi Bhatia and Pooja Jangra contributed equally to this study.…”

Cupric coordination compounds with multiple anions: a promising strategy for the regulation of energetic materials

“…Compared with monoazole compounds, bicycloazole compounds have more modifiable sites, which can be modified by introducing energetic groups (–NO 2 , –N 3 , –C(NO 2 ) 3 , –NHNO 2 , and –OH) according to the required performance. 22–25 Moreover, the introduction of bridging blocks, such as imino, 26 azo, 27 alkyl, 28,29 carbonyl, 30,31 nitromethyl, 32 and hydrazine groups, 33 can combine two or more azolyl components effectively to form bicycloazole compounds, and the performance of these bridging bicycloazole compounds can also be modified via changing bridging blocks. Furthermore, methylene-bridged bicycloazole compounds usually show excellent thermostable and low sensitivity.…”

A Dihydrazone as a Remarkably Nitrogen-Rich Thermostable and Insensitive Energetic Material

“…Tetrazole skeletons as backbones to construct polycyclic nitrogen-rich materials have aroused great interest owing to their environmental friendliness, chemical stability, and the possibility of military, materials, and medicinal applications. − The remarkable properties of energetic tetrazoles arise in part from their high enthalpies of formation. The design of energetic salts facilitated by hydrogen bonds is one promising route to the synthesis of thermostable and insensitive materials. − Impressive advances have been made in utilizing tetrazole rings in the production of energetic coordination complexes (ECCs), energetic metal–organic frameworks (EMOFs), cocrystals, bis-azoles, and bridged-azoles (Figure c). − In tetrazole-derived compounds, meeting safety requirements without compromising the detonation power is desirable yet challenging since the structural diversity is limited and functionalization using high-energy explosophores such as trinitromethyl, dinitromethyl, nitroamino, and azido must come to terms with mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability. − The introduction of these electron withdrawing explosophores is further disadvantageous as they tend to increase the acidic characteristics of NH-tetrazoles . The acidities of NH-tetrazoles and aliphatic carboxylic acids are comparable .…”