Engineering Biomimetic Materials for Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration

Abstract

Although skeletal muscle is highly regenerative following injury or disease, endogenous self-regeneration is severely impaired in conditions of volume traumatic muscle loss. Consequently, tissue engineering approach is a promising approach to regenerate skeletal muscle. Biological scaffolds serve as not only structural support for the promotion of cellular ingrowth, but they also impart potent modulatory signaling cues that may be beneficial for tissue regeneration. In this work, the progress of tissue engineering approaches for skeletal muscle engineering and regeneration is overviewed, with a focus on the techniques to create biomimetic engineered tissue using extracellular cues. These factors include mechanical and electrical stimulation, geometric patterning, and delivery of growth factors or other bioactive molecules. We further describe the progress of evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches in preclinical models of muscle injury.

A bench‐top molding method for the production of cell‐laden fibrin micro‐fibers with longitudinal topography

“…This can also been see in the woven pattern in Figure where fibers were hand assembled without any visible damage or deformation. Given the dimensions of the generated fibers, the presented method could be useful in many fields, for example, for generating conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration (Dixon et al, ), skeletal muscle (Nakayama, Shayan, & Huang, ) or tendon (Lovati, Bottagisio, & Moretti, ). By assembling fibers as demonstrated in Figure , possibly with different cell types and sizes, other constructs as, for example, cardiac and skin patches can be obtained.…”

Biofabricating murine and human myo-substitutes for rapid volumetric muscle loss restoration

“…Moreover, different cell lineages, namely mouse Mabs and human primary myoblast, could react differently to the bioink mechano-chemical properties as extensively demonstrated for other myogenic stem/progenitor cells [40,41]. Hence, we performed a preliminary set of in vitro experiments with the sole intent of demonstrating the compatibility of the proposed approach with primary human myoblasts (hMyob) and verifying cell stability in terms of myogenic differentiation capacity.…”

Biological Basis of Treatments of Acute Muscle Injuries: A Short Review

“…48,49 Decellularized scaffolds are considered to offer the most potential in the immediate future because they are available off the shelf and have a potentially easier regulatory pathway if not supplemented by cells or growth factors. 50 Engineered muscle cells have been studied in animal models. They have to be cultured for several weeks, making their use in acute injuries impractical.…”