Engineering biofilm matrix for efficient biofilm-mediated contaminant removal

Abstract

This graduate study has been a good character-building lesson. Never have I learn so much about my untapped capabilities. I am blessed to have worked with many brilliant minds throughout my research career. A huge appreciation to the many supervisors, and colleagues I have worked with since I was 20. All the good and bad events are the lifetime pointers that have pushed me to be better than yesterday. Thank you to my family and friends who provide me a listening ear when in times of need. Most especially to Myra Dew Baidah Ahmad, who instills grit each time I doubt myself. Lastly, I would like to acknowledge the graduate studies assistance, training opportunities, facilities and funding provided by SCELSE, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme (IGP), National Research Foundation, and the Ministry of Education (MOE). vTable of Contents Statement of Originality……………………………………………………………………...i Supervisor Declaration Statement………………………………………………………….ii Acknowledgements .