Engineered solid biofuel from herbaceous biomass mixed with inorganic additives

Toscano, Giuseppe; Feliciangeli, G.; Rossini, Giorgio; Fabrizi, Sara; Pedretti, Ester Foppa; Duca, Daniele

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115895

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…IDT of ashes commenced at temperatures ~140-to 340 °C higher, whereas FT in most cases exceeded 1500 °C. As compared to the available literature, both bauxite and clinochlore are superior additives than kaolin or calcium oxide, which were found to lower the IDT of straws, wood and olive cake by 200-240 °C and 40-140 °C, respectively [4,6,9]. In the case of mixtures with 3% additive, fusion temperatures were increased as follows: PEK>SW>CY, whereas the expected fouling rate followed the reverse order, as in the case of raw fuels.…”

Section: Melting Behaviormentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Although high-quality woody materials have been traditionally used in the energy sector, they are recently preferred to generate liquid biofuels and chemicals [3,4], thus increasing their prices and reducing their availability for combustion applications. Consequently, residual biomass, such as agricultural wastes or naturally grown energy crops, which are abundantly found globally could meet the European Union Agricultural and Renewables Policy [5,6], in line with the circular economy concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kaolin has been proven highly effective in improving the slagging behavior of biomass fuels, such as straws [4,7,18], wood pellets [3,9], and olive cake [9], by decreasing the initial deformation temperature of ashes between 200 and 240 °C. Similarly, Ca-based additives and coal fly ash have been found to mitigate the melting of straws [4,9,16], herbaceous biomass [6], wood, and olive cake [9,16] by lowering the initial deformation temperature of ashes between 40-and 140 °C and 55-and 90 °C, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Mineral Additives on Fusion Behavior of Agricultural Residue Ashes during Combustion or Co-combustion with Lignite

Vamvuka¹,

Deli²,

Stratakis³

2021

JEPT

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In this work, the ash fusibility behaviour of selected agricultural residues and their blends with lignite was studied, by carrying out chemical, mineralogical, fusibility and thermogravimetric analyses and calculating slagging/fouling indicators for predicting deposition tendencies in boilers. Two additives, bauxite, and clinochlore, were used at varying amounts to reduce ash melting, followed by examining their anti-fusion mechanisms. Initial deformation and softening temperatures of biomass materials were low for combustion processes operating above 900 °C due to their high concentration in K, Na, and P compounds. When the additives were mixed with raw fuels or lignite/biomass blends, the initial deformation of ashes started at temperatures up to 340 °C higher, whereas the fluid temperature in most cases exceeded 1500 °C. Bauxite was more effective than clinochlore. The positive impact of additives was attributed to the mineralogical transformations during ashing to phases with a high melting point through reactions with K, Na-bearing minerals, or CaO of fuel ashes.

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Section: Melting Behaviormentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Mineral Additives on Fusion Behavior of Agricultural Residue Ashes during Combustion or Co-combustion with Lignite

Vamvuka¹,

Deli²,

Stratakis³

2021

JEPT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is very important when introducing fuel into classic combustion systems with limited possibility to control the process. Comparing the analyzed pellets to fuels produced from agro biomass, it can be stated that they are characterized by better parameters [39,81,82]. This is very important in case of an attempt of further use.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Ashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Urban Tree Leaf Biomass-Potential, Physico-Mechanical and Chemical Parameters of Raw Material and Solid Biofuel

et al. 2021

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The paper presents the results of research aimed at evaluating the possibility of using selected tree leaf species to produce solid biofuels. The possibility of production of qualitative solid biofuels from urban tree leaves meets the expectations of the municipal sector. Collection of tree leaves in urban areas is very often necessary for road safety reasons, the need to collect biomass rich in dust and pollution as well as biomass infested with pests. The production of solid biofuels from tree leaves allows for effective management of this raw material with energy recovery. The performed research indicates such a possibility, and the obtained ash is used as a soil improver. The conducted research showed that the biomass of leaves of five tree species used in the experiment can be a source of raw materials for production of qualitative biofuels. The obtained pellets were characterized by properties comparable to those of classical wood pellets. The lower heating value of the obtained pellets ranged from 14.5 to 15.5 MJ∙kg−1. Physical properties of the obtained pellets described by bulk density (BD 600–660 kg∙m−3), mechanical durability (DU 90–96%), moisture (Mar 10–12.5%) indicate that these products can be used in existing combustion equipment. Preliminary analysis of the obtained ashes (determination of ash melting point, bulk density) indicates that they should not cause difficulties in ash removal systems from the combustion chamber.

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“…Furthermore, the addition of CaCO 3 increased ST by approximately 200 • C, and HT and FT by approximately 100 • C. Fournel et al [66] showed that 3 wt.% CaCO 3 caused a 98% reduction of sintering after reed canary grass combustion. Toscano et al [67] used 3-5% CaO additive mixed into alfalfa pellets, which produced a 43-107 • C increase in DT; however, they reported higher performances for laboratory tests made with ashes other biomass and additives, where the addition of 5% was followed by an increase of at least 547 • C for the DT. The CaO additive was also successful in the study of Jandačka et al [68], where 2% CaO increased the DT of silver grass by 270 • C. In the same study, 2% CaCO 3 brought an increase of DT by 231 • C.…”

Section: Ash Melting Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ash Melting Behavior of Rice Straw and Calcium Additives

et al. 2021

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Rice straw is potentially an appropriate feedstock material for biofuel production, since a huge amount of this postharvest residue is generated every year. The transformation of such agricultural biomass into densified products with a higher energy value and their subsequent combustion is associated with several questions. One of them is that rice straw exhibits a large formation of ash during combustion; thus, it is essential to know the nature of its ash melting behavior. Generally, during the combustion of straw biomass, ash sintering occurs in relatively low temperatures, resulting in the damaging of heating equipment. This negative aspect can be overcome by the addition of calcium-based additives. This paper aimed to study the ash melting behavior at a laboratory scale and to determine the ash melting points of rice straw mixed with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in different proportional ratios. The standardly produced ash samples from the rice straw obtained from Cambodia were constantly heated up in a muffle furnace, and characteristic temperatures of ash melting, i.e., shrinkage, deformation, hemisphere, and flow temperature, were recorded. The results showed that increasing the additive ratio did not bring linear growth of the melting temperatures. The addition of 1% CaCO3 showed an optimal positive impact of higher ash melting temperatures, and thus a better ability to abate the sintering of the rice straw ash.

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Engineered solid biofuel from herbaceous biomass mixed with inorganic additives

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Mineral Additives on Fusion Behavior of Agricultural Residue Ashes during Combustion or Co-combustion with Lignite

Effect of Mineral Additives on Fusion Behavior of Agricultural Residue Ashes during Combustion or Co-combustion with Lignite

Evaluation of Urban Tree Leaf Biomass-Potential, Physico-Mechanical and Chemical Parameters of Raw Material and Solid Biofuel

Ash Melting Behavior of Rice Straw and Calcium Additives

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