Engineered nanoparticles a novel approach in alleviating abiotic and biotic stress in millets: A complete study

Harnessing biological synthesis: Zinc oxide nanoparticles for plant biotic stress management

“…By 2050, crop productivity is expected to rise by 60%–100%. In order to feed the world’s anticipated 9.7 billion people different disease management techniques like breeding, intercropping, development of stress resilient varieties, and usage of chemical fertilizers are widely employed to mitigate the biotic stress ( Lau et al, 2022 ; Mohan et al, 2023 ). However, these approaches are time-consuming and extensive application of chemical pesticides, insecticides and herbicides increase the problem of pathogens resistance, soil degradation and also effects human health ( Lau et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Different nanoparticles like silver, copper oxide, silicon oxide, nano-calcite, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide, etc. have been reported as potential nano-fertilizers, antibacterial, and antifungal nanomaterials ( Khan et al, 2021b ; Mohan et al, 2023 ; Tortella et al, 2023 ). The main mechanism by which these nanoparticles kills the pathogenic microorganisms includes inhibition of biofilm, cell membrane damage, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) free radicals (peroxides, superoxide, hydroperoxyl, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite).…”