Engineered Nanoenzymes with Multifunctional Properties for Next‐Generation Biological and Environmental Applications

Abstract

As a powerful tool, nanoenzyme electrocatalyst broadens the ways to explore bioinspired solutions to the world's energy and environmental concerns. Efforts of fashioning novel nanoenzymes for effective electrode functionalization is generating innovative viable catalysts with high catalytic activity, low cost, high stability and versatility, and ease of production. High chemo‐selectivity and broad functional group tolerance of nanoenzyme with an intrinsic enzyme like activity make them an excellent environmental tool. The catalytic activities and kinetics of nanoenzymes that benefit the development of nanoenzyme‐based energy and environmental technologies by effectual electrode functionalization are discussed in this article. Further, a deep‐insight on recent developments in the state‐of‐art of nanoenzymes either in terms of electrocatalytic redox reactions (viz. oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction) or environmental remediation /treatment of wastewater/or monitoring of a variety of pollutants. The complex interdependence of the physicochemical properties and catalytic characteristics of nanoenzymes are discussed along with the exciting opportunities presented by nanomaterial‐based core structures adorned with nanoparticle active‐sites shell for enhanced catalytic processes. Thus, such modular architecture with multi‐enzymatic potential introduces an immense scope of making its economical scale‐up for multielectron‐fuel or product recovery and multi‐pollutant or pesticide remediation as reality.

Science through the Lens of Nature: Recent Advances in Biomimetic Approaches towards Pesticide Degradation

“…Bioinspired CNMs have been reported to have environmental and biomedical applications. 35 36 These catalysts have been incorporated as effective functionalized electrodes displaying high catalytic efficiency, cost-effectiveness, excellent stability, chemoselectivity, and ease of production. 35 Table 2 lists the various enzyme activities that can be mimicked by catalytic CNMs.…”

“…35 36 These catalysts have been incorporated as effective functionalized electrodes displaying high catalytic efficiency, cost-effectiveness, excellent stability, chemoselectivity, and ease of production. 35 Table 2 lists the various enzyme activities that can be mimicked by catalytic CNMs. 36 However, the mechanisms involved in these biomimetic models are not completely understood due to lack of sufficient studies.…”

Fe Single-Atom Electrochemical Sensors for H2O2 Produced by Living Cells

“…However, due to the accumulation of active centers, their catalytic effect is often not as good as natural enzymes. 8 Since single-atom (SAs) materials were reported, more and more researchers have been attracted by the high atom utilization and extraordinary catalytic performance of SAs, 9,10 and they are committed to developing the unique value of SA materials in electrocatalysis. 11 Many studies have shown that the development of SA catalytic materials in electrochemical detection applications has obvious potential value.…”

“…At present, a variety of nanomaterials with peroxidase activity for the electrochemical detection of H 2 O 2 have been developed. However, due to the accumulation of active centers, their catalytic effect is often not as good as natural enzymes . Since single-atom (SAs) materials were reported, more and more researchers have been attracted by the high atom utilization and extraordinary catalytic performance of SAs, , and they are committed to developing the unique value of SA materials in electrocatalysis .…”

Melamine sponge decorated with Fe 3 O 4 /CuS nanoparticles as novel peroxidase‐like nanozyme for disinfection

“…Nanozymes are highly stable, efficient, and their synthesis is facile, compared with natural enzymes [1][2][3]. Research on nanozymes in the recent ten years showed them to be promising antibacterial nanomaterials to treat infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms [4,5]. Recently, nanomaterials with peroxidase-and oxidase-like activities have been intensively studied as two kinds of classical antibacterial agents [6,7].…”