Engineered mRNA Delivery Systems for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based therapeutic strategies have shown remarkable promise in preventing and treating a staggering range of diseases. Optimizing the structure and delivery system of engineered mRNA has greatly improved its stability, immunogenicity, and protein expression levels, which has led to a wider range of uses for mRNA therapeutics. In this tutorial review, we first provide a thorough analysis of the optimization strategies used in the structure of mRNA and then describe delivery systems in great detail. Furthermore, we summarize the latest advancements in biomedical engineering for mRNA technology, including its applications in combatting infectious diseases, treating cancer, providing protein replacement therapy, conducting gene editing, and more. Lastly, we offer a perspective on forthcoming challenges and prospects concerning the advancement of mRNA therapeutics. Despite these challenges, mRNA‐based therapeutics remain promising, with the potential to revolutionize disease treatment and contribute to significant advancements in the biomedical field.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

mRNA vaccine designs for optimal adjuvanticity and delivery

“…In the former, pseudouridine modification of mRNA alleviated innate immune responses against mRNA and improved protein translation efficiency [ 16 ]. Other critical technologies include adding a 5’ cap and poly A tail, sequence optimization of coding and untranslated regions, and removing impurities from in vitro transcribed mRNA, as extensively reviewed elsewhere [ 17 , 18 ]. These mRNA synthesis technologies improve mRNA vaccine safety by avoiding undesirable inflammatory responses and enhance vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen production efficiency.…”