Engineered Hemostatic Biomaterials for Sealing Wounds

Abstract

Hemostatic biomaterials show great promise in wound control for the treatment of uncontrolled bleeding associated with damaged tissues, traumatic wounds, and surgical incisions. A surge of interest has been directed at boosting hemostatic properties of bioactive materials via mechanisms triggering the coagulation cascade. A wide variety of biocompatible and biodegradable materials has been applied to the design of hemostatic platforms for rapid blood coagulation. Recent trends in the design of hemostatic agents emphasize chemical conjugation of charged moieties to biomacromolecules, physical incorporation of blood-coagulating agents in biomaterials systems, and superabsorbing materials in either dry (foams) or wet (hydrogel) states. In addition, tough bioadhesives are emerging for efficient and physical sealing of incisions. In this Review, we highlight the biomacromolecular design approaches adopted to develop hemostatic bioactive materials. We discuss the mechanistic pathways of hemostasis along with the current standard experimental procedures for characterization of the hemostasis efficacy. Finally, we discuss the potential for clinical translation of hemostatic technologies, future trends, and research opportunities for the development of next-generation surgical materials with hemostatic properties for wound management.

A Cohesive Shear-Thinning Biomaterial for Catheter-Based Minimally Invasive Therapeutics

“…In these hydrogels, viscosity decreases under shear stress, enabling flowability through catheters, followed by rapid recovery upon shear reduction, which enables material retention at the injection site. Meanwhile, the hemostatic properties of nanosilicates trigger the natural coagulation process, rendering the hydrogel an embolic agent. Injectability and stability of these hydrogels rely on noncovalent interactions, which regulate their flow under shear and gel formation upon shear elimination, e.g., after injection. , …”

Design of biopolymer-based hemostatic material: Starting from molecular structures and forms

“…Owing to its dependable biocompatibility, biodegradation and adjustable mechanical properties, the SF has attracted a growing interest from many biomedical fields [ 92 ]. The SF can undergo gelation transformation under certain external conditions, and the mechanism can be explained as follows: under hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interaction, the secondary structure of the SF will change from random coil to physically crosslinked β-sheet structure [ 93 , 94 ]. The rapid gelation is beneficial to wound sealing.…”

A Choline Phosphoryl-Conjugated Chitosan/Oxidized Dextran Injectable Self-Healing Hydrogel for Improved Hemostatic Efficacy

“…31−34 Upon applying to the wound defects, the amine groups along the chitosan chain are able to accumulate the red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets through electrostatic interactions, thus accelerating blood clotting. 5,35 However, the poor solubility of chitosan under physiological conditions as a result of the rigid crystalline structure usually leads to insufficient contact with blood or microbial cells, which severely limits its hemostatic and antibacterial effects. To improve the intrinsic properties of chitosan, many efforts have been made to prepare chitosan derivatives by chemical modifications.…”